{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:03:39Z","timestamp":1789621419122,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among elderly critically ill patients and has been associated with adverse outcomes. However, evidence regarding the prognostic benefit of vitamin D supplementation in this population remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D supplementation and 28-day mortality in elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the medical information mart for intensive care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, including patients aged \u226565 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced baseline characteristics between patients who received vitamin D within 48 h of ICU admission and those who did not. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and E-value analysis assessed unmeasured confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After PSM, 8,111 patients were included, with 1,338 (16.5%) deaths within 28 days. The 28-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the vitamin D supplementation group than in the non-supplemented group (14.5% vs. 17.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017). Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation was independently associated with lower 28-day mortality (HR = 0.819, 95% CI: 0.710\u20130.946,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006). Subgroup analyses revealed more pronounced associations in females and patients without certain chronic comorbidities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation within 48 h of ICU admission was significantly associated with reduced 28-day mortality in elderly critically ill patients. Further prospective interventional studies are required to verify causal relationships and optimize administration regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1932001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:29:15Z","timestamp":1789619355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality in elderly critically ill patients: a retrospective propensity score\u2013matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, 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