{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:05:59Z","timestamp":1790172359584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Green tea catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the principal polyphenol in green tea (\n                      <jats:italic>Camellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), possess diverse bioactivity but suffer from poor absorption and rapid metabolism, leading to very limited oral bioavailability. To address these challenges, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of LipoMicel\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      GTNAC\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (LGT), a novel lipid-based green tea extract formulation co- delivered with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), compared with a standard green tea formulation (SGT) in healthy adults.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study comprised two parts: a randomized, double-blind, crossover pharmacokinetic trial in 16 healthy adults comparing LGT 330\u202fmg with SGT 330\u202fmg and SGT 660\u202fmg, followed by a 30-day open-label, single-arm safety study evaluating LGT 1,320\u202fmg\/day in 13 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For EGCG, LGT significantly increased baseline-adjusted systemic exposure compared with dose-matched SGT, producing a 4.2-fold higher iAUC\u2080\u2013\u2082\u2084 (1857\u202f\u00b1\u202f1,479 vs. 443\u202f\u00b1\u202f1,570\u202fng\u00b7h\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.032) and a 3.0-fold higher iC\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      (267\u202f\u00b1\u202f235 vs. 88.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f60.0\u202fng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.037). No clinically significant adverse events or clinically meaningful changes in blood chemistry were observed during the 30-day safety phase.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that LGT significantly enhances systemic EGCG exposure while remaining well tolerated for over 30\u202fdays in healthy adults. Larger and longer-term studies are warranted to determine whether improved EGCG exposure translates into clinically meaningful health benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:uri>\n                      , registration number NCT06971536.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1940156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:28:49Z","timestamp":1790170129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced bioavailability and short-term safety of a micellar green tea extract formulation co-delivered with N-acetylcysteine: a randomized crossover study in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afoke","family":"Ibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Chai","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peony","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Seok","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISURA, Clinical Research","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Gahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Factors Group R&D","place":["Burnaby, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Integrative and Holistic Medicine","place":["San Diego, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia","place":["Vancouver, BC, Canada"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University","place":["Perth, WA, Australia"]},{"name":"InovoBiologic 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