{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:07:51Z","timestamp":1789103271263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review aimed to map the extent, characteristics and distribution of evidence on preoperative oral carbohydrate administration in adult elective surgical patients. Specifically, we sought to describe publication trends, regional practice patterns, surgical populations, intervention protocols, outcome domains and evidence gaps, thereby informing future standardization and individualized implementation within ERAS pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the Arksey and O\u2019Malley framework for scoping reviews, we searched eight Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science, to collect original studies published from 2015 to September 2025 on preoperative oral carbohydrate intake. Studies were screened and data extracted according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by descriptive analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-two studies were included, comprising 76 randomized controlled trials and 6 non-randomized studies. Most studies were conducted in China and other Asian settings, and more than two-thirds were published after 2020. The commonly reported regimen involved 200\u2013400 mL of a carbohydrate-containing clear fluid administered 2\u20133 h before surgery, although formulation, dose, timing and control conditions varied substantially across studies. Outcomes were mapped into five domains: metabolic responses, patient comfort, inflammatory or stress markers, clinical recovery and safety. Most included studies reported favorable metabolic or comfort-related findings; however, evidence was concentrated in single-center trials, short-term outcomes and relatively low-risk elective surgical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current literature suggests that preoperative oral carbohydrate administration is a widely studied and feasible component of ERAS pathways, but the evidence base remains heterogeneous in intervention protocols, outcome definitions and population coverage. Future multicenter studies should standardize reporting, include higher-risk populations such as older adults, frail patients and patients with diabetes, and assess long-term functional and patient-centered outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/osf.io\/9rd68\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1943627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:33:08Z","timestamp":1789101188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration in adult elective surgery: protocol heterogeneity, regional practice patterns and evidence gaps\u2013a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Cancer Hospital","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e421","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000421","article-title":"Prevalence of surgery among individuals in the United States.","volume":"5","author":"Bicket","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Open"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14111349","article-title":"Oxidative stress and postoperative outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","volume":"14","author":"Cuevas-Budhart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951676","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.951676","article-title":"Effects of preoperative carbohydrate loading on recovery after elective surgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"9","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9610(02)00866-8","article-title":"Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome.","volume":"183","author":"Kehlet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19538\/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2018.01.01","article-title":"Consensus and pathway management guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery in China (2018 edition).","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2022.10.002","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on clinical nutrition in surgery - 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