{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:09:05Z","timestamp":1789711745862,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) is common in weight-category combat sports, but the extent to which post-weigh-in feeding and rehydration restore body mass, hydration, and exercise performance remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify post-weigh-in body-mass regain and hydration status and to evaluate nutritional and rehydration strategies and subsequent exercise performance in combat-sport athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261438676). PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 2026. English-language human studies involving RWL or weight making followed by recovery were eligible. Comparable continuous outcomes were pooled using random-effects models with modified Hartung-Knapp confidence intervals; heterogeneous strategy and performance outcomes were synthesized using evidence maps and effect-direction methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty studies were included in the main post-weigh-in recovery review. Pooled post-weigh-in body-mass regain was 6.23% of body mass (95% CI 3.74\u20138.71;\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1504;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 99.2%) and 3.71 kg (95% CI 2.45\u20134.96;\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1451;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 98.9%). In five matched cohorts with paired pre-weigh-in and follow-up measurements, RWL was 8.33% of body mass (95% CI 6.17\u201310.49;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 179), followed by a median regain of 106.5% of the preceding loss (range 63.2\u2013154.1%). At official weigh-in, pooled mean urine specific gravity (USG) was 1.029 (95% CI 1.025\u20131.033;\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 92.7%). Urine osmolality was reported in seven studies and plasma osmolality in four, but these data were not sufficiently comparable for pooling. Twenty-three performance records from 12 studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. No specific nutritional or rehydration approach had sufficiently homogeneous comparative evidence for a strategy-effect meta-analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combat-sport athletes commonly regain substantial body mass after weigh-in, but body-mass regain should not be interpreted as complete rehydration or restored performance readiness. Current strategy-specific evidence is insufficient to identify a superior recovery protocol; standardized, adequately powered trials using multidimensional recovery outcomes are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>identifier: CRD420261438676.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1943678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:38:24Z","timestamp":1789709904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies after rapid weight loss on body mass recovery, hydration status, and performance in combat sports athletes: a systematic review and 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