{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:11:40Z","timestamp":1788757900866,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary carotenoids and vitamin A may contribute to gastric cancer (GC) prevention through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms; however, epidemiological evidence remains limited. We investigated the associations of total and individual carotenoid and vitamin A intakes with GC and their relationships with inflammatory\/oxidative stress biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The case\u2013control study included 177 adults (82 GC incidence cases\/95 controls). A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intakes of individual carotenoids and preformed vitamin A. Metabolic biomarkers, lipid profile, inflammatory\/oxidative stress markers [e.g., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), interleukins (6\/1\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/10\/4), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] were measured. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) for GC risk; linear regression models examined associations between carotenoid intakes and biomarkers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total carotenoid (mg\/d; OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.81\u20130.98),\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -carotene (mg\/d; OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.65\u20130.90) and vitamin A (mg RAE\/d; OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.09\u20130.95) intakes, as continuous variables, and also as binary variables (based on the median cut-offs), in all models (also adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, marital status, physical activity, cancer history,\n                      <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      , NSAIDs intake, body mass index, total energy intake), were inversely associated with GC odds. In fully adjusted models, higher total carotenoid intake (mg\/d) was associated with lower LDL-c (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22121.60, 95%CI: \u22122.91, \u22120.25) and IL-6 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22127.92, 95%CI: \u221214.00, \u22122.00); lycopene (mg\/d) with higher LDL-c (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 2.030, 95%CI: 0.27, 4.31) and vitamin A intake (mg RAE\/d) with lower TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u221212.12, 95%CI: \u221224.71, \u22120.47) and higher TAC (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.64, 95%CI: 0.001, 1.27).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher intakes of total carotenoids and vitamin A were associated with lower odds of GC and more favorable profiles of inflammatory\/oxidative stress biomarkers. These findings support an inverse association between carotenoid-rich dietary patterns and gastric carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1953378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:24:01Z","timestamp":1788755041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary carotenoids and vitamin A are associated with lower gastric cancer risk and favorable inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: an incident case\u2013 control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Farhad","family":"Vahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health","place":["Strassen, 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