{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:40:25Z","timestamp":1792665625982,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In recent years, intermittent fasting has become a popular method for preventing and treating obesity and chronic diseases. This study explored the metabolic and inflammatory effects of inactive-phase (Day) time-restricted feeding (TRF) vs.\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      feeding (Ad) in rats under high-fat (HF) and standard (S) diet for 8 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four groups (TRF + HF, TRF + S, Ad + S, Ad + HF;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 7 each) were monitored for temporal changes in key biomarkers, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, LPS, insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles, and body weight. Baseline-adjusted two-way ANCOVA was used to evaluate the main effects of Diet and Feeding pattern and their interaction, with complementary multivariate analyses performed as sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Body weight was significantly associated with both Diet and Feeding pattern after baseline adjustment, with the greatest observed weight gain in Ad + HF and the smallest in TRF + S. TNF-\u03b1 showed a significant Diet \u00d7 Feeding interaction, characterized by marked reductions in both TRF groups and little change in Ad + HF. Lipid metabolism exhibited distinct interactions between diet type and feeding regimens. Total cholesterol levels increased in both\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      -fed groups, whereas a reduction was observed in the TRF + S group. Triglyceride responses also showed pronounced treatment effects, with the TRF + HF group demonstrating the greatest decrease over the intervention period. IL-6, LPS, insulin, glucose, and LDL-C did not display significant group \u00d7 time interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, inactive-phase time-restricted feeding was associated with lower weight gain, favorable changes in selected lipid parameters, and a reduction in TNF-\u03b1. No significant Diet \u00d7 Feeding interactions were observed for IL-6 or LPS, indicating that the inflammatory findings were specific to TNF-\u03b1 rather than reflective of a generalized anti-inflammatory effect. However, because food intake was not quantitatively measured, these differences cannot be attributed to meal timing independently of possible differences in total energy intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1968504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:26:39Z","timestamp":1791260799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time-restricted feeding during the inactive phase vs. ad libitum feeding: diet-dependent effects on weight and metabolic markers in male Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ladan","family":"Hajhamidiasl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Ba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samed","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Application and Research Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedat","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bursa Uludag University","place":["Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation (WHO Technical Report Series 894).","year":"2000"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.132","article-title":"Obesity and energy balance: is the tail wagging the dog? 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