{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:02:37Z","timestamp":1790226157905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for improving the recovery of phenolic compounds and antiradical activity from bee bread (perga). A three-factor Box\u2013Behnken design comprising ultrasound amplitude (30\u201370%), extraction time (8\u201322 min), and ethanol concentration (20\u201380%, v\/v) was combined with Gaussian Process surrogate modeling and a single-cycle GP-based multi-objective Bayesian optimization (GP-MOBO) candidate-selection strategy. Predictive uncertainty and Pareto-based analysis were used to identify a balanced extraction condition, which was subsequently validated experimentally and compared with an NUS and conventional extraction treatments. The selected ultrasound-assisted extraction condition (UAEopt; 56.5% amplitude, 19.0 min, and 56.8% ethanol) yielded a total phenolic content of 17.32 mg GAE\/g, compared with 11.76 mg GAE\/g in the matched NUS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.01). Antiradical activity also increased from 3.215 mg TEAC\/g in NUS to 4.17 mg TEAC\/g in UAEopt (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05). HPLC\u2013DAD analysis showed that UAEopt produced the highest total concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds (44.19 \u00b1 1.23 \u03bcg\/g), with gallic acid as the predominant compound. LC\u2013MS analysis further demonstrated that UAEopt yielded the highest total free amino acid concentration among the evaluated extraction conditions (23,409.32 \u00b1 766.26 \u03bcg\/g), with glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and proline as the major components. These findings demonstrate that Gaussian Process-guided multi-objective optimization can support the selection of effective ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions and improve the recovery of multiple bioactive fractions from bee bread.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1970806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1790224790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-objective optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction for enhanced bioactive recovery from bee bread"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Meryem","family":"Akhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Esenyurt University","place":["Istanbul, 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T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remzi","family":"G\u00fcrfidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isparta Vocational School of Information Technologies, Cloud Computing Operator, Isparta University of Applied Sciences","place":["Isparta, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filiz","family":"Aksu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Sand\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Altunatmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melikenur","family":"T\u00fcrkol G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University","place":["Tekirdag, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Karrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University","place":["Fargo, ND, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moneera O.","family":"Aljobair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Health, College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isam A.","family":"Mohamed Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food 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