{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1790952473403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81201870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81201870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Immunotherapy is an encouraging option in the development of multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. CS1 is a specific myeloma antigen, which is highly expressed in myeloma cells. Calreticulin (CRT) is a key determinant of cell death, which can influence antigen presentation and promote cellular phagocytic uptake. In the current study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding both CS1 and CRT. Our results show that the PcDNA3.1-CS1\/CRT vaccine was able to induce cytotoxic T cell responses against myeloma cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in mice immunized with this vaccine. Therefore, our findings indicate that the CS1\/CRT fusion DNA vaccine may represent a promising novel myeloma therapy, and the potential for combining the CS1\/CRT vaccine with other myeloma treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.587237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T05:58:38Z","timestamp":1605851918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cytotoxic T Cell Responses Induced by CS1\/CRT Fusion DNA Vaccine in a Human Plasmacytoma 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