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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus to be discovered and is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive T-cell malignancy with poor prognosis. HTLV-1 viral proteins interact with mechanisms and proteins present in host cells for their own benefit, evading the immune system and promoting the establishment of disease. Several viruses manipulate the autophagy pathway to achieve their infective goals, and HTLV-1 is not the exception. HTLV-1 Tax viral protein engages NF-\u03baB and autophagy pathways prone favoring viral replication and T cell transformation. In this review we focus on describing the relationship of HTLV-1 with the autophagy machinery and its implication in the development of ATLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.641269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T15:48:00Z","timestamp":1617205680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Autophagy in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Induced Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Ducasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Benencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela L.","family":"Papademetrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirna","family":"Biglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatah","family":"Kashanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Berini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria No\u00e9","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388","article-title":"Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection","volume":"3","author":"Gessain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00063-09","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated diseases","volume":"23","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010001","article-title":"HTLV-1, the Other Pathogenic Yet Neglected Human Retrovirus: From Transmission to Therapeutic Treatment","volume":"10","author":"Futsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2111","article-title":"Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation","volume":"7","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38965-8_2","article-title":"Epidemiology of virus infection and human cancer","volume":"193","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17479.1","article-title":"40 years of the human T-cell leukemia virus: past, present, and future. version 1; peer review: 2 approved","volume":"8","author":"Tagaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08051.x","article-title":"members of The Lymphoma Study Group (1984\u201387)*. 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