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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis has long been recognized for its critical role in brain growth, development. This study was designed to investigate microstructural pathology in the cortex and white matter in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, which characterized by excessive secretion of GH and IGF-1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>29 patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (acromegaly) and 31 patients with non-functional pituitary adenoma as controls were recruited and assessed using neuropsychological test, surface-based morphometry, T1\/T2-weighted myelin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to controls, we found 1) acromegaly had significantly increased cortical thickness throughout the bilateral cortex (pFDR &amp;lt; 0.05). 2) T1\/T2-weighted ratio in the cortex were decreased in the bilateral occipital cortex and pre\/postcentral central gyri but increased in the bilateral fusiform, insular, and superior temporal gyri in acromegaly (pFDR &amp;lt; 0.05). 3) T1\/T2-weighted ratio were decreased in most bundles, and only a few areas showed increases in acromegaly (pFDR &amp;lt; 0.05). 4) Neurite density index (NDI) was significantly lower throughout the cortex and bundles in acromegaly (pTFCE &amp;lt; 0.05). 5) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in extensive bundles in acromegaly (pTFCE &amp;lt; 0.05). 6) microstructural pathology in the cortex and white matter were associated with neuropsychological dysfunction in acromegaly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggested that long-term persistent and excess serum GH\/IGF-1 levels alter the microstructure in the cortex and white matter in acromegaly, which may be responsible for neuropsychological dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.641359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T05:26:42Z","timestamp":1618205202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vivo Characterization of Cortical and White Matter Microstructural Pathology in Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary 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