{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T03:42:43Z","timestamp":1769398963043,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006259","name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipegfilgrastim is a long-acting glycopegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) approved for the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In general, there is little information on the use of any G-CSFs specifically in patients with urological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. This report combines information from two prospective non-interventional studies on the prophylactic use of lipegfilgrastim in urological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the real-world setting. Data were derived from two phase IV studies (NADIR and LEOS) with similar protocols conducted in nine European countries. Analysis included 228 patients (142 prostate, 50 testicular, 27 bladder, and 9 other urological cancers). Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia risk was classified as high (43.0%), intermediate (49.1%), or low (7.5%). Lipegfilgrastim was administered as primary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=180, 78.9%) or secondary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=29, 12.7%) prophylaxis. The incidence of febrile neutropenia over all chemotherapy cycles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=998) and first cycles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=228) for which lipegfilgrastim was administered for prophylaxis was 2.6% and 1.3%, respectively. Corresponding results for Grade 3\/4 neutropenia were 2.2% and 0.9%, respectively. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 24 patients (10.5%): those in more than one patient were bone pain (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6, 2.6%) and pyrexia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=3, 1.3%). The use of lipegfilgrastim for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was effective and well tolerated in patients with urological malignancies in the real-world setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.655355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T15:15:50Z","timestamp":1622214950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pooled Analysis on the Effectiveness and Safety of Lipegfilgrastim in Patients With Urological Malignancies in the Real-World Setting"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Axel S.","family":"Merseburger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Geiges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Klier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wiesholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11882","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: Risks, Consequences, and New Directions for its Management","volume":"100","author":"Crawford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2009.0009","article-title":"Impact of Chemotherapy Dose Intensity on Cancer Patient Outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Lyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101013040103","article-title":"Dose-Response Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer","volume":"304","author":"Bonadonna","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.10.013","article-title":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. 2010 Update of EORTC Guidelines for the Use of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor to Reduce the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia in Adult Patients With Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Solid Tumours","volume":"47","author":"Aapro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0J\u00a0Cancer"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Hematopoietic Growth Factors, Version 2.20192019"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199107183250305","article-title":"Reduction by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor of Fever and Neutropenia Induced by Chemotherapy in Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"325","author":"Crawford","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(93)90376-Q","article-title":"Recombinant Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Reduces the Infectious Complications of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Trillet-Lenoir","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq195","article-title":"Hematopoietic Growth Factors. 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