{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:54:12Z","timestamp":1771606452458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The therapeutic options of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remain a challenge. The MM-003 trial demonstrated that RRMM patients treated with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pom\/Dex) have better progression-free survival (PFS) than those treated with high-dose dexamethasone alone. However, the real-world effectiveness of Pom\/Dex in these patients in Taiwan remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicenter, registry-based study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 consecutive patients undergoing Pom\/Dex treatment for RRMM. We investigated the overall response rate (ORR) and PFS in these patients. The patients were stratified into two groups: those who received two (n=33) and those who received more than two (n=16) prior lines of treatment according to the numbers of regimens before Pom\/Dex therapy. The differences in ORR and PFS between these two groups were further analyzed. We also analyzed factors attributed to disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ORR was 47.7%, and the median PFS was 4.0 months (range, 0.1\u221221.1). Patients who received two prior lines of treatment had a higher ORR than those who received more than two prior lines of treatment (55.2% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 33.3%; p=0.045). The median PFS of these groups was 4.8 and 3.9 months, respectively (p=0.805). Primary lenalidomide refractoriness reduced the risk of myeloma progression following Pom\/Dex treatment (hazard ratio, 0.14; p=0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median PFS following Pom\/Dex treatment in Taiwanese RRMM patients in a real-world setting was similar to that reported by the MM-003 trial. Primary lenalidomide refractoriness should not be an obstacle for Pom\/Dex treatment in RRMM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.695410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T09:02:36Z","timestamp":1622192556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone Are Effective in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma in a Real-Life Setting: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yu-Chin","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyh-Pyng","family":"Gau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bor-Sheng","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Lin Jerry","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma","volume":"364","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J 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