{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:53:26Z","timestamp":1790855606944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Memory T cells include T memory stem cells (T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub>) and central memory T cells (T<jats:sub>CM<\/jats:sub>). Compared with effector memory T cells (T<jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>) and effector T cells (T<jats:sub>EFF<\/jats:sub>), they have better durability and anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have shown that although T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> has excellent self-renewal ability and versatility, if it is often exposed to antigens and inflammatory signals, T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub> will behave as a variety of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 expression, and metabolic changes from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. These changes can lead to the exhaustion of T cells. Cumulative evidence in animal experiments shows that it is the least differentiated cell in the memory T lymphocyte system and is a central participant in many physiological and pathological processes in humans. It has a good clinical application prospect, so it is more and more important to study the factors affecting the formation of T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub>. This article summarizes and prospects the phenotypic and functional characteristics of T<jats:sub>SCM<\/jats:sub>, the regulation mechanism of formation, and its application in treatment of clinical diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.723888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T06:05:24Z","timestamp":1631858724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Immunotherapeutic Potential of T Memory Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.020","article-title":"Human Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses to Smallpox and Yellow Fever Vaccines","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2015.1018419","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineering: A Right Step in the Evolution of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Figueroa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1426423","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1426423","article-title":"A Genetic IFN\/STAT1\/FAS Axis Determines CD4 T Stem Cell Memory Levels and Apoptosis in Healthy Controls and Adult T-Cell Leukemia Patients","volume":"7","author":"Khouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000548","article-title":"Mechanisms of Failure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00128","article-title":"CAR T Cells for Solid Tumors: New Strategies for Finding, Infiltrating, and Surviving in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0705-x","article-title":"Clinical Trials of Dual-Target CAR T Cells, Donor-Derived CAR T Cells, and Universal CAR T Cells for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0636-y","article-title":"Memory T Cells Skew Toward Terminal Differentiation in the CD8+ T Cell Population in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.03.012","article-title":"T Cell Dysfunction in Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Thommen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000147","article-title":"The Characteristics of Naive-Like T Cells in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes From Human Lung Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.035","article-title":"Landscape of Infiltrating T Cells in Liver Cancer Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing","volume":"169","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01217","article-title":"Next-Generation Manufacturing Protocols Enriching TSCM CAR T Cells Can Overcome Disease-Specific T Cell Defects in Cancer Patients","volume":"11","author":"Arcangeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9847","article-title":"Stem-Like CD8 T Cells Mediate Response of Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy Against Human Cancer","volume":"370","author":"Krishna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6714-x","article-title":"CD8-Positive Memory T Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes of Patients With Breast Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Vahidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2056-8","article-title":"Peripheral T Cell Expansion Predicts Tumour Infiltration and Clinical Response","volume":"579","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00707-9","article-title":"Memory T Cells: Strategies for Optimizing Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1326","article-title":"Host-Reactive CD8+ Memory Stem Cells in Graft-Versus-Host Disease","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000105","article-title":"Adenovirus-Specific T-Cell Subsets in Human Peripheral Blood and After IFN-\u03b3 Immunomagnetic Selection","volume":"39","author":"Qian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104273","article-title":"Stem Cell-Like Memory T Cells: A Perspective From the Dark Side","volume":"361","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0214-5","article-title":"The Roles of Stem Cell Memory T Cells in Hematological Malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.143","article-title":"Identification, Isolation and In Vitro Expansion of Human and Nonhuman Primate T Stem Cell Memory Cells","volume":"8","author":"Lugli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2019.1698261","article-title":"Memory T Cell, Exhaustion, and Tumor Immunity","volume":"43","author":"Ando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.02.28","article-title":"Human Stem Memory T Cells (TSCM) as Critical Players in the Long-Term Persistence of Immune Responses","volume":"5","author":"Morrot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0045-3","article-title":"Global Characterization of T Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Single-Cell Sequencing","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.03.053","article-title":"A Single Lentivector DNA Based Immunization Contains a Late Heterologous SIVmac251 Mucosal Challenge Infection","volume":"38","author":"Chebloune","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062589","article-title":"Arrested Differentiation, The Self-Renewing Memory Lymphocyte, and Vaccination","volume":"293","author":"Fearon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511137103","article-title":"Memory T and Memory B Cells Share a Transcriptional Program of Self-Renewal With Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells","volume":"103","author":"Luckey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1982","article-title":"Wnt Signaling Arrests Effector T Cell Differentiation and Generates CD8+ Memory Stem Cells","volume":"15","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2446","article-title":"A Human Memory T Cell Subset With Stem Cell-Like Properties","volume":"17","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-431718","article-title":"IL-7 and IL-15 Instruct the Generation of Human Memory Stem T Cells From Naive Precursors","volume":"121","author":"Cieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3445","article-title":"HIV-1 Persistence in CD4+ T Cells With Stem Cell-Like Properties","volume":"20","author":"Buzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.018","article-title":"Serial Transfer of Single-Cell-Derived Immunocompetence Reveals Stemness of CD8(+) Central Memory T Cells","volume":"41","author":"Graef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-608406","article-title":"Role of Naive-Derived T Memory Stem Cells in T-Cell Reconstitution Following Allogeneic Transplantation","volume":"125","author":"Roberto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-608539","article-title":"Generation of Human Memory Stem T Cells After Haploidentical T-Replete Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","volume":"125","author":"Cieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-607465","article-title":"T Memory Stem Cells are the Hierarchical Apex of Adult T-Cell Leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Nagai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-683847","article-title":"Generation of Clinical-Grade CD19-Specific CAR-Modified CD8+ Memory Stem Cells for the Treatment of Human B-Cell Malignancies","volume":"128","author":"Sabatino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08871-1","article-title":"Bone Marrow Central Memory and Memory Stem T-Cell Exhaustion in AML Patients Relapsing After HSCT","volume":"10","author":"Noviello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0791-5","article-title":"Two Subsets of Stem-Like CD8(+) Memory T Cell Progenitors With Distinct Fate Commitments in Humans","volume":"21","author":"Galletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-021-00207-7","article-title":"Clonal Expansion of T Memory Stem Cells Determines Early Anti-Leukemic Responses and Long-Term CAR T Cell Persistence in Patients","volume":"2","author":"Biasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0118","article-title":"Memory Stem T Cells Generated by Wnt Signaling From Blood of Human Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patients","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2005523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005523","article-title":"Human TSCM Cell Dynamics In Vivo Are Compatible With Long-Lived Immunological Memory and Stemness","volume":"16","author":"Costa Del Amo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0033-2","article-title":"Proliferation Tracing With Single-Cell Mass Cytometry Optimizes Generation of Stem Cell Memory-Like T Cells","volume":"37","author":"Good","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202049057","article-title":"Human CD8 T-Stem Cell Memory Subsets Phenotypic and Functional Characterization are Defined by Expression of CD122 or CXCR3","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00878-5","article-title":"Effector and Stem-Like Memory Cell Fates are Imprinted in Distinct Lymph Node Niches Directed by CXCR3 Ligands","volume":"22","author":"Duckworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-37","article-title":"IL-21 Promotes the Expansion of CD27+ CD28+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes With High Cytotoxic Potential and Low Collateral Expansion of Regulatory T Cells","volume":"11","author":"Santegoets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Med"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020369","article-title":"Interleukin 15 Is Required for Proliferative Renewal of Virus-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells","volume":"195","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175194","article-title":"A Vital Role for Interleukin-21 in the Control of a Chronic Viral Infection","volume":"324","author":"Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a028464","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028464","article-title":"Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of CD8 T-Cell Responses During Acute and Chronic Viral Infection","volume":"11","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610544113","article-title":"Tethered IL-15 Augments Antitumor Activity and Promotes a Stem-Cell Memory Subset in Tumor-Specific T Cells","volume":"113","author":"Hurton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/35771","article-title":"The Effects of Anti-CD3\/CD28 Coated Beads and IL-2 on Expanded T Cell for Immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Martkamchan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2019.11.020","article-title":"Characterization of CXCR5(+) CD8(+) T-Cells in Humanized NSG Mice","volume":"225","author":"Perdomo-Celis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.03.067","article-title":"Low Interleukin-2 Concentration Favors Generation of Early Memory T Cells Over Effector Phenotypes During Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Expansion","volume":"19","author":"Kaartinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24480","article-title":"Acquisition of Full Effector Function In Vitro Paradoxically Impairs the In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Adoptively Transferred CD8+ T Cells","volume":"115","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-1390","article-title":"Detection and Characterization of CD8 + Autoreactive Memory Stem T Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"67","author":"Vignali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161760","article-title":"Human Memory CD8 T Cell Effector Potential Is Epigenetically Preserved During In Vivo Homeostasis","volume":"214","author":"Abdelsamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4086","article-title":"IL-7 and CCL19 Expression in CAR-T Cells Improves Immune Cell Infiltration and CAR-T Cell Survival in the Tumor","volume":"36","author":"Adachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6548-9_8","article-title":"Differentiation of Diverse Progenies of Memory T Cells From Naive CD8(+) T Cell Precursors","volume":"1514","author":"Zanon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0466","article-title":"IL15 Enhances CAR-T Cell Antitumor Activity by Reducing Mtorc1 Activity and Preserving Their Stem Cell Memory Phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13648","article-title":"Generation and Application of Human Induced-Stem Cell Memory T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy","volume":"109","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33523","article-title":"Long-Term In Vitro Expansion Ensures Increased Yield of Central Memory T Cells as Perspective for Manufacturing Challenges","volume":"148","author":"Herda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202049103","article-title":"Flow Cytometry Data Mining by Cytochain Identifies Determinants of Exhaustion and Stemness in TCR-Engineered T Cells","volume":"51","author":"Manfredi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00482","article-title":"Point-Of-Care CAR T-Cell Production (ARI-0001) Using a Closed Semi-Automatic Bioreactor: Experience From an Academic Phase I Clinical Trial","volume":"11","author":"Castella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172815","article-title":"IL-21R on T Cells Is Critical for Sustained Functionality and Control of Chronic Viral Infection","volume":"324","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0016","article-title":"The Antitumor Effects of Vaccine-Activated CD8(+) T Cells Associate With Weak TCR Signaling and Induction of Stem-Like Memory T Cells","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000229","article-title":"Adoptive Transfer of Interleukin-21-Stimulated Human CD8+ T Memory Stem Cells Efficiently Inhibits Tumor Growth","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunother"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.017","article-title":"An Interleukin-21-Interleukin-10-STAT3 Pathway Is Critical for Functional Maturation of Memory CD8+ T Cells","volume":"35","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920413117","article-title":"Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibition Synergizes With IL-21 to Promote CD8(+) T Cell Stemness and Antitumor Immunity","volume":"117","author":"Hermans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21241-0","article-title":"Targeting IL-21 to Tumor-Reactive T Cells Enhances Memory T Cell Responses and Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08097","article-title":"Enhancing CD8 T-Cell Memory by Modulating Fatty Acid Metabolism","volume":"460","author":"Pearce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.001","article-title":"Distinct Regulation of Th17 and Th1 Cell Differentiation by Glutaminase-Dependent Metabolism","volume":"175","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1412900","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1412900","article-title":"Modulation of CD8(+) Memory Stem T Cell Activity and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3beta Inhibition Enhances Anti-Tumoral Immunity in Gastric Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1843628","article-title":"Mesothelin-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors","volume":"21","author":"Klampatsa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2556","article-title":"Control of Amino-Acid Transport by Antigen Receptors Coordinates the Metabolic Reprogramming Essential for T Cell Differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.005","article-title":"Memory CD8(+) T Cells Use Cell-Intrinsic Lipolysis to Support the Metabolic Programming Necessary for Development","volume":"41","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-1196","article-title":"The NOTCH-FOXM1 Axis Plays a Key Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Induction of Human Stem Cell Memory-Like CAR-T Cells","volume":"80","author":"Kondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.021","article-title":"IL-7-Induced Glycerol Transport and TAG Synthesis Promotes Memory CD8+ T Cell Longevity","volume":"161","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3415","article-title":"Emerging Concepts of T Cell Metabolism as a Target of Immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0668-2","article-title":"Regulation of T Cell Immunity by Cellular Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-017-0002-2","article-title":"A Pck1-Directed Glycogen Metabolic Program Regulates Formation and Maintenance of Memory CD8(+) T Cells","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1488565","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1488565","article-title":"Ex Vivo AKT-Inhibition Facilitates Generation of Polyfunctional Stem Cell Memory-Like CD8(+) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Mousset","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050112","article-title":"The Flavonoid Quercetin Induces AP-1 Activation in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells","volume":"8","author":"Giuliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14442-6","article-title":"Immunological History Governs Human Stem Cell Memory CD4 Heterogeneity via the Wnt Signaling Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Kared","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12956","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12956","article-title":"Cellular Metabolism Dictates T Cell Effector Function in Health and Disease","volume":"92","author":"Kolan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.04.004","article-title":"The Role of AMPK in T Cell Metabolism and Function","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.01.019","article-title":"Modulation of mTOR Signalling Triggers the Formation of Stem Cell-Like Memory T Cells","volume":"4","author":"Scholz","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.031","article-title":"L-Arginine Modulates T Cell Metabolism and Enhances Survival and Anti-Tumor Activity","volume":"167","author":"Geiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00818-9","article-title":"MEK Inhibition Reprograms CD8(+) T Lymphocytes Into Memory Stem Cells With Potent Antitumor Effects","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.021","article-title":"T Cell Factor 1-Expressing Memory-Like CD8(+) T Cells Sustain the Immune Response to Chronic Viral Infections","volume":"45","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaai8593","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai8593","article-title":"The TCF1-Bcl6 Axis Counteracts Type I Interferon to Repress Exhaustion and Maintain T Cell Stemness","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15338","article-title":"Notch-Mediated Conversion of Activated T Cells Into Stem Cell Memory-Like T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Kondo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88959","article-title":"Driving an Improved CAR for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"126","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.013","article-title":"TCF-1-Centered Transcriptional Network Drives an Effector Versus Exhausted CD8 T Cell-Fate Decision","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.10.006","article-title":"Control of Lymphocyte Fate, Infection, and Tumor Immunity by TCF-1","volume":"40","author":"Raghu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/ely006","article-title":"CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion in Cancer: Mechanisms and New Area for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief Funct Genomics"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00744-5","article-title":"CD8(+) T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"41","author":"Kurachi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0346-9","article-title":"Adaptive Plasticity of IL-10(+) and IL-35(+) Treg Cells Cooperatively Promotes Tumor T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"20","author":"Sawant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.021","article-title":"Intratumoral Tcf1(+)PD-1(+)CD8(+) T Cells With Stem-Like Properties Promote Tumor Control in Response to Vaccination and Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy","volume":"50","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071727","article-title":"Modulation of Determinant Factors to Improve Therapeutic Combinations With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Dosset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0760-z","article-title":"Early Precursor T Cells Establish and Propagate T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infection","volume":"21","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02569","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses","volume":"9","author":"Saeidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1846","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion Signatures Vary With Tumor Type and Are Severe in Glioblastoma","volume":"24","author":"Woroniecka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0221-9","article-title":"Defining 'T Cell Exhaustion'","volume":"19","author":"Blank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.01.040","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion Correlates With Improved Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients","volume":"96","author":"Fribourg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00722-9","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals TOX as a Promoting Factor for T Cell Exhaustion and a Predictor for Anti-PD-1 Responses in Human Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322404","article-title":"TOX Defines the Degree of CD8+ T Cell Dysfunction in Distinct Phases of Chronic HBV Infection","volume":"70","author":"Heim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905675116","article-title":"TOX and TOX2 Transcription Factors Cooperate With NR4A Transcription Factors to Impose CD8(+) T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"116","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.05.015","article-title":"TOX Promotes the Exhaustion of Antitumor CD8(+) T Cells by Preventing PD1 Degradation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0403-4","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals TOX as a Key Regulator of CD8(+) T Cell Persistence in Chronic Infection","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1325-x","article-title":"TOX Transcriptionally and Epigenetically Programs CD8(+) T Cell Exhaustion","volume":"571","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-740993","article-title":"PD-1 Expression and Clinical PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas","volume":"131","author":"Xu-Monette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0338","article-title":"Exhausted T Cells and Epigenetic Status","volume":"17","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.014","article-title":"Developmental Relationships of Four Exhausted CD8(+) T Cell Subsets Reveals Underlying Transcriptional and Epigenetic Landscape Control Mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Beltra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5435","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion Interrelates With Immune Cytolytic Activity to Shape the Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"251","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-0973-y","article-title":"A Short CD3\/CD28 Costimulation Combined With IL-21 Enhance the Generation of Human Memory Stem T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Alvarez-Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2019.08.016","article-title":"Generating Stem-Like Memory T Cells With Antioxidants for Adoptive Cell Transfer Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"631","author":"Pilipow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0108","article-title":"Decreased PD-1 Expression on CD8 Lymphocyte Subsets and Increase in CD8 Tscm Cells in Children With HIV Receiving Raltegravir","volume":"33","author":"Tuluc","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0223-7","article-title":"Precursor Exhausted T Cells: Key to Successful Immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Kallies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17414-y","article-title":"Exhausted T Cell Signature Predicts Immunotherapy Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Terranova-Barberio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7357","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197357","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of CD8(+) T Cell Differentiation, Dysfunction and Exhaustion","volume":"21","author":"Verdon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86437","article-title":"BET Bromodomain Inhibition Enhances T Cell Persistence and Function in Adoptive Immunotherapy Models","volume":"126","author":"Kagoya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2703","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.125","article-title":"The Cryo-Thermal Therapy Eradicated Melanoma in Mice by Eliciting CD4(+) T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Memory Immune Response","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.008","article-title":"Obstacles Posed by the Tumor Microenvironment to T Cell Activity: A Case for Synergistic Therapies","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0381","article-title":"CD155T\/TIGIT Signaling Regulates CD8(+) T-Cell Metabolism and Promotes Tumor Progression in Human Gastric Cancer","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-012017-043208","article-title":"CD8 T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infection and Cancer: Opportunities for Interventions","volume":"69","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1625","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Adoptive T-Cell Strategies","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2020-001290","article-title":"CAR-T Treatment for Hematological Malignancies","volume":"68","author":"Atrash","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2019.08.003","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Abramson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0629-x","article-title":"T Cell Senescence and CAR-T Cell Exhaustion in Hematological Malignancies","volume":"11","author":"Kasakovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2155-7","article-title":"Induction of a Central Memory and Stem Cell Memory Phenotype in Functionally Active CD4(+) and CD8(+) CAR T Cells Produced in an Automated Good Manufacturing Practice System for the Treatment of CD19(+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"67","author":"Blaeschke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1080-1","article-title":"Antigen-Specific CD8+ Memory Stem T Cells Generated From Human Peripheral Blood Effectively Eradicate Allogeneic Targets in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501739","article-title":"Memory Stem T Cells in Autoimmune Disease: High Frequency of Circulating CD8+ Memory Stem Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia","volume":"196","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01188-3","article-title":"A Novel Mechanism Linking Memory Stem Cells With Innate Immunity in Protection Against HIV-1 Infection","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40524","article-title":"Role of Stem Cell-Like Memory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"70","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1268","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1268","article-title":"Memory Stem T Cells Modified With a Redesigned CD30-Chimeric Antigen Receptor Show an Enhanced Antitumor Effect in Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Alvarez-Fernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2019.05.001","article-title":"Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes From Acute Myeloid Leukemia Marrow can be Reverted to CD45RA+ Central Memory State by Reactivation in SIP (Simulated Infective Protocol)","volume":"224","author":"Teo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01956","article-title":"Differences in Expansion Potential of Naive Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells From Healthy Donors and Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients","volume":"8","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-017-0405-3","article-title":"Allogeneic CD19-CAR-T Cell Infusion After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in B Cell Malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2018.09.007","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 and CAR-T Cell, Collaboration of Two Revolutionary Technologies in Cancer Immunotherapy, an Instruction for Successful Cancer Treatment","volume":"79","author":"Mollanoori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1671761","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1671761","article-title":"In Vivo Generated Human CAR T Cells Eradicate Tumor Cells","volume":"8","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2018.11.002","article-title":"Recent Advances in CAR T-Cell Toxicity: Mechanisms, Manifestations and Management","volume":"34","author":"Brudno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273ra213","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay0555","article-title":"In Vivo Tracking of T Cells in Humans Unveils Decade-Long Survival and Activity of Genetically Modified T Memory Stem Cells","volume":"7","author":"Biasco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Med"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11869-4","article-title":"CXCR1- or CXCR2-Modified CAR T Cells Co-Opt IL-8 for Maximal Antitumor Efficacy in Solid Tumors","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe7378","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abe7378","article-title":"SynNotch-CAR T Cells Overcome Challenges of Specificity, Heterogeneity, and Persistence in Treating Glioblastoma","volume":"13","author":"Choe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315106","article-title":"Naive CD8(+) T Cells Expressing CD95 Increase Human Cardiovascular Disease Severity","volume":"40","author":"Padgett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2014.16","article-title":"Stem Memory T Cells (TSCM)-Their Role in Cancer and HIV Immunotherapies","volume":"3","author":"Flynn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6020709","article-title":"Quantifying Susceptibility of CD4+ Stem Memory T-Cells to Infection by Laboratory Adapted and Clinical HIV-1 Strains","volume":"6","author":"Flynn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0246-4","article-title":"T Memory Stem Cells and HIV: A Long-Term Relationship","volume":"12","author":"Chahroudi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00598-16","article-title":"Antiretroviral Therapy in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Sooty Mangabeys: Implications for AIDS Pathogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Calascibetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00492-16","article-title":"Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Restores CD4+ T Memory Stem Cell Homeostasis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques","volume":"90","author":"Cartwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00789-15","article-title":"Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves HIV-1-Specific CD8 T Cells With Stem Cell-Like Properties","volume":"89","author":"Vigano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0017","article-title":"CD4(+) T Memory Stem Cells Correlate With Disease Progression in Chronically HIV-1-Infected Patients","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002169","article-title":"Effects on Immune System and Viral Reservoir of a Short-Cycle Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Patients","volume":"33","author":"Guardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229461","article-title":"Evaluation of Antiviral T Cell Responses and TSCM Cells in Volunteers Enrolled in a Phase I HIV-1 Subtype C Prophylactic Vaccine Trial in India","volume":"15","author":"Munusamy Ponnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806695115","article-title":"IL-15 Regulates Susceptibility of CD4(+) T Cells to HIV Infection","volume":"115","author":"Manganaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2019.0225","article-title":"Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Determines Rectal Natural Killer Cell Populations","volume":"36","author":"Utay","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.05.032","article-title":"Elimination of Cancer Stem Cells and Reactivation of Latent HIV-1 via AMPK Activation: Common Mechanism of Action Linking Inhibition of Tumorigenesis and the Potential Eradication of HIV-1","volume":"104","author":"Finley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12823","article-title":"T-Cell Exhaustion in HIV Infection","volume":"292","author":"Fenwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.049","article-title":"HIV\/SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: T Cell Profile, Cytokine Dynamics and Role of Exhausted Lymphocytes","volume":"102","author":"Sharov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.09.014","article-title":"Alterations of the Frequency and Functions of Follicular Regulatory T Cells and Related Mechanisms in HIV Infection","volume":"81","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.046","article-title":"The Genetic Architecture of the Human Immune System: A Bioresource for Autoimmunity and Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"161","author":"Roederer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41157","article-title":"CD4+ Memory Stem T Cells Recognizing Citrullinated Epitopes Are Expanded in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sensitive to Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade","volume":"72","author":"Cianciotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000814","article-title":"Proinflammatory Features of Stem Cell-Like Memory T Cells From Human Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"207","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12739","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12739","article-title":"Emerging Role of Stem Cell Memory-Like T Cell in Immune Thrombocytopenia","volume":"89","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-07-657981","article-title":"Sirolimus Is Effective in Relapsed\/Refractory Autoimmune Cytopenias: Results of a Prospective Multi-Institutional Trial","volume":"127","author":"Bride","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.13","article-title":"T Cell Therapies-are T Memory Stem Cells the Answer","volume":"3","author":"Flynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.05.38","article-title":"Lifelong Protection Mediated by Stem Cell-Like CD8(+) T Memory Subset Cells (Tscm) Induced by Vaccination","volume":"4","author":"Morrot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.723888\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1631858728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.723888\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":165,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2021.723888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.723888","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"article-number":"723888"}}