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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the clinical feasibility of accelerated free-breathing stack-of-spirals (spiral) three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using iterative self\u2010consistent parallel imaging reconstruction from arbitrary k\u2010space (SPIRiT) algorithm in patients with breast cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The institutional review board approved this prospective study and patients\u2019 informed consents were obtained. Between June and August 2018, 29 female patients with breast cancer underwent 3-T MRI including accelerated free-breathing spiral 3D UTE (0.98-mm isotropic spatial resolution; echo time, 0.05 msec) of the lungs and thin-section chest computed tomography (CT). Two radiologists evaluated the image quality and pulmonary nodules on MRI were assessed and compared, CT as a reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pulmonary vessels and bronchi were visible consistently up to the sub-sub-segmental and sub-segmental branch levels, respectively, on accelerated spiral 3D UTE. The overall image quality was evaluated as good and excellent for 70.7% of accelerated spiral 3D UTE images (reviewer [R]1, 72.4% [21\/29]; R2, 69.0% [20\/29]) and acceptable for 20.7% (both R1 and R2, 20.7% [6\/29]). Five patients on CT revealed 141 pulmonary metastatic nodules (5.3 \u00b1 2.6 mm); the overall nodule detection rate of accelerated spiral 3D UTE was sensitivity of 90.8% (128\/141), accuracy of 87.7%, and positive predictive value of 96.2%. In the Bland-Altman plot analysis comparing nodule size between CT and MRI, 132\/141 nodules (93.6%) were inside the limits of agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accelerated free-breathing spiral 3D UTE using the SPIRiT algorithm could be a potential alternative to CT for oncology patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.746059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T13:20:05Z","timestamp":1633785605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Accelerated Stack-of-Spirals Free-Breathing Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study in Patients With Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Min Jae","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye 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