{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:09:04Z","timestamp":1753891744808,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre-treatment biomarkers to estimate overall survival (OS) for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are unidentified, especially those in pleural fluid. We evaluated the relationship between OS and total protein\u2013chloride ratio in malignant pleural effusion (PE TPClR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was undertaken to identify patients from 2006 to 2018 who had pathologically or cytologically confirmed MPE and received no tumor-targeted therapy. We recorded the pre-treatment clinicopathologic characteristics and follow-up status. OS was estimated by the Kaplan\u2013Meier method, and the association between variables and OS was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We screened 214 patients who met the eligibility criteria. The optimal cutoff value for the PE TPClR was set at 0.53. The univariate analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between PE TPClR and OS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The multivariate analysis between OS and the variables selected from the univariate analysis showed that the levels of neutrophil, alkaline phosphatase, neuron-specific enolase, platelets, albumin in peripheral blood, and white blood cells in pleural effusion were also independent predictors of OS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with MPE, pre-treatment PE TPClR independently predicts OS. Although further research is necessary to generalize our results, this information will help clinicians and patients to determine the most appropriate treatment for MPE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.777930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T05:52:50Z","timestamp":1641793970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Total Protein\u2013Chloride Ratio in Pleural Fluid Independently Predicts Overall Survival in Malignant Pleural Effusion at the First Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng-Shuang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.010","article-title":"US Hospitalizations for Malignant Pleural Effusions: Data From the 2012 National Inpatient Sample","volume":"151","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0019-2016","article-title":"Malignant Pleural Effusion: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"25","author":"Psallidas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev: an Off J Eur Respir Soc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1415ST","article-title":"Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions. 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