{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:42:35Z","timestamp":1783651355253,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of intramuscular hemangiomas (IMHs) in oral and maxillofacial region and correlate them with the histopathological classifications for selecting optimum management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical data and pretreatment findings of 32 patients with pathologically proven IMHs on CT (n = 10), MRI (n = 27), or both (n = 5) were analyzed retrospectively. Correspondence of clinical and imaging characters with 3 different pathological classifications (cavernous, capillary, and mixed) of IMHs was studied. A number of pitfalls and overlap of imaging features can result in misdiagnosis of different IMHs lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four patients had multi-muscular lesions, and 28 had single-muscular lesions. The predilection site were the tongue (11 cases, 34.4%) and the masseter muscle (10 cases, 31.2%). Cavernous type (17 cases, 53.1%) was the most common IMHs type. All patients showed slightly hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted imaging, 3 patients showed hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging and the others showed slightly hyperintense. The most common enhancement pattern was progressive (29 cases, 90.6%). The capillary type (9 cases, 28.1%) and mixed type (6 cases, 28.1%) of IMHs on imaging indicated characteristics of lesions with rich blood supply status, the cavernous type (17cases, 53.1%) of IMHs belonged to relatively poor blood supply lesions. A total of 5 patients (15.6%) were initially misdiagnosed, there were recurrences in 4 IMHs patients. Extra functional MRI (fMRI) was performed on these 5 misdiagnosed patients, the average ADC of the 5 patients was 1.50 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s. The presence of vermicular vessels was different among these three types of IMHs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reason for the misdiagnosis in localized IMHs may be the obvious border of mass-like lesions and the lack of enlarged vessels. Combined evaluation of presence of vermicular vessels and fMRI might be more accurately for determining the IMHs and create a preoperative plan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.792554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T07:22:54Z","timestamp":1643613774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging Findings From Different Pathological Types of Oral and Maxillofacial Intramuscular Hemangiomas for Selecting Optimum Management"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1989.8.5.263","article-title":"Sonographic Appearances of Hemangiomas of Skeletal Muscle","volume":"8","author":"Derchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330430056031","article-title":"Intramuscular Hemangioma","volume":"249","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004418713","article-title":"Haemangiomata in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"44","author":"Scott","year":"1957","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050165","article-title":"Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Masseter Muscle","volume":"256","author":"Odabasi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations in Infants and Children: A Classification Based on Endothelial Characteristics","volume":"69","author":"Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstructive Surg"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.05.022","article-title":"Clinical and Imaging Diagnoses of Intramuscular Hemangiomas: The Wattle Sign and Case Reports","volume":"62","author":"Louis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197201)29:1>8::aid-cncr2820290103<3.0.co;2-a","article-title":"Hemangioma of Skeletal Muscle. An Analysis of 89 Cases","volume":"29","author":"Allen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194405000-00006","article-title":"Primary Hemangiomatous Tumors of Skeletal Muscle","volume":"119","author":"Shallow","year":"1944","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520966897","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520966897","article-title":"Easily Misdiagnosed Intramuscular Hemangioma: A Case Report","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(97)91282-0","article-title":"The \u2018Turkey Wattle\u2019 Sign Revisited: Diagnosing Parotid Vascular Malformations in the Adult","volume":"50","author":"Saeed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2005.03.020","article-title":"Intramuscular Hemangiomas of the Mylohyoid and Sternocleidomastoid Muscle","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021741","article-title":"Intramuscular Hemangioma With Hemorrhagic Transformation Arising From Paraspinal Muscles of Posterior Neck: A Case Report","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0000000000000050","article-title":"WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumours: An Update Based on The 2013 (4th) Edition","volume":"46","author":"Jo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8948","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008948","article-title":"Cavernous Hemangiomas of the Temporalis Muscle With Prominent Formation of Phleboliths: Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"96","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13482","article-title":"Oral Intramuscular Hemangioma: Report of Three Cases","volume":"46","author":"Lescura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J cutaneous Pathol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2012.02.032","article-title":"Intramuscular Hemangioma Presenting With Multiple Phleboliths: A Case Report","volume":"115","author":"Zengin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.04.007","article-title":"Intramuscular Cavernous Hemangioma of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: An Unusual Neck Mass","volume":"137","author":"Ferri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-005-0057-1","article-title":"Vascular Malformations in the Extremities: Emphasis on MR Imaging Features That Guide Treatment Options","volume":"35","author":"Fayad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2856-4","article-title":"Preliminary Observations and Clinical Value of Lipid Peak in High-Grade Uterine Sarcomas Using In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.792554\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T07:22:56Z","timestamp":1643613776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.792554\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2021.792554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.792554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"article-number":"792554"}}