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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus sorafenib (TACE-S) to TACE plus lenvatinib (TACE-L) for the treatment of HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study recruited patients from September 2017 to September 2020.\u00a0A total of 59 and 57 consecutive patients were treated with TACE-L and TACE-S, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before propensity score matching (PSM), comparing TACE-L to TACE-S, the median overall survival (OS) time was 16.4 months and 12.7 months, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81\u20132.20; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.25]. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 8.4 months and 7.43 months, respectively (HR 1.54; 95% CI: 0.98\u20132.41; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.081). After PSM, the median OS time was 18.97 months and 10.77 months, respectively (HR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.12\u20134.38; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022); the median PFS time was 10.6 months (95% CI: 6.6\u201318.0 months) and 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.2\u20138.1 months), respectively (HR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.43\u20134.80; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). After PSM, the overall response rate (ORR) was 66.8% vs. 33.3% [odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 1.05\u20136.90; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.037].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both TACE-L and TACE-S are safe, well-tolerated treatments for HCC with PVTT. In HCC with PVTT, TACE-L was significantly superior to TACE-S with respect to OS, PFS, and ORR. 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