{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T14:16:50Z","timestamp":1791728210092,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer survivorship care is an emerging and necessary component of oncology management. To explore cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality and prognostic factors among patients with penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC). These results aid clinicians in furtherly understand this disease\u2019s prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program data for 2668 PSCC cases diagnosed between 2005 to 2016. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of CVD and all-cause mortality, comparing PSCC patients with general population men. A cumulative mortality curve and competitive risk regression model were utilized to evaluate the prognostic factors of CVD-specific death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Death distribution is as follows: PSCC (42.4%), other causes (21.3%) CVD (19%), and other cancers (17.3%). PSCC patients are more like to die from CVD (SMR=3.2, 95%CI: 3.1-3.3) and all-cause death compared with the general population. Meanwhile, patients undergoing surgery show a relatively higher CVD-specific mortality than the general population (SMR=2.7, 95%CI: 2.4-3.2). In the competitive risk model, higher CVD mortality is associated with age, region, year of diagnosis, stage, and marital status (all P&amp;lt;0.05). Patients with the localized stage show a higher risk of CVD-specific death than those with regional or distant stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study mainly reveals that cardiovascular disease was the important cause of death and higher CVD-specific mortality among PSCC patients. Several associated factors related to CVD-specific death are also identified. In the future, more work in educating health care professionals on the components of survivorship care is needed to meet the long-term and late effects cancer patients experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1004791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T11:19:19Z","timestamp":1665746359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High cardiovascular disease mortality after penile squamous cell carcinomas diagnosis: Results from the United States SEER population, 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