{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T23:40:51Z","timestamp":1787269251559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>T-cell\/NK-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (T\/NK-NHL) is an uncommon heterogeneous group of diseases. The current classification of T\/NK-NHL is mainly based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In practice, however, the lack of unique histopathological patterns, overlapping cytomorphology, immunophenotypic complexity, inadequate panels, and diverse clinical presentations pose a great challenge. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) is a gold standard for the diagnosis, subtyping, and monitoring of many hematological neoplasms. However, studies emphasizing the role of FCI in the diagnosis and staging of T\/NK-NHL in real-world practice are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included T-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (T-NHL) patients evaluated for the diagnosis and\/or staging of T\/NK-NHL using FCI between 2014 and 2020. We studied the utility of FCI in the diagnosis and subtyping of T\/NK-NHL and correlated the FCI findings with the results of histopathology\/immunohistochemistry. For correlation purposes, patients were categorized under definitive diagnosis and subtyping, inadequate subtyping, inadequate diagnosis, and misdiagnosis based on the findings of each technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 232 patients were diagnosed with T\/NK-NHL. FCI findings provided definitive diagnoses in 198 patients and subtyping in 187\/198 (95.45%) patients. The correlation between FCI and histopathological\/immunohistochemistry results (n = 150) demonstrated an agreement on the diagnosis and subtyping in 69\/150 (46%) patients. Of the remaining cases, the diagnosis and subtyping were inadequate in 64\/150 (42.7%), and 14\/150 (9.33%) were misdiagnosed on histopathology\/immunohistochemistry results. FCI provided definitive diagnosis and subtyping in 51\/64 (79.7%) patients. Among these, 13 patients diagnosed with peripheral T-cell lymphoma not-otherwise-specified were reclassified (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)-11 and prolymphocytic leukemia-2) on FCI. It corrected the diagnosis in 14 patients that were misdiagnosed (6 B-cell NHL (B-NHL), 3 Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma, 1 acute leukemia, and 1 subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma) and misclassified (3 T-NHL) on histopathological results. AITL was the commonest T-NHL misclassified on histopathological results. FCI also confirmed the definite involvement in 7\/83 (8.4%) and 27\/83 (32.5%) bone marrow (BM) samples reported as suspicious and uninvolved, respectively, on histopathological evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>AITL was the most frequently diagnosed T\/NK-NHL in this study. FCI provided a distinct advantage in detecting BM involvement by T\/NK-NHL, especially in patients with low-level involvement. Overall, our study concluded that FCI plays a critical role in the diagnosis, subtyping, and staging of T\/NK-NHL in real-world practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.779230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T08:04:25Z","timestamp":1646121865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Critical Role of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping in the Diagnosis, Subtyping, and Staging of T-Cell\/NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma in Real-World Practice: A Study of 232 Cases From a Tertiary Cancer Center in India"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Prashant 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