{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:15:30Z","timestamp":1790187330228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous preclinical studies have revealed the complex regulatory mechanisms between anti-angiogenesis and immune inhibition in the tumor immune microenvironment and have proposed the efficacy of combined immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatment. Moreover, the combination strategy had been confirmed in a number of clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination strategy in recurrent\/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this real-world study, 43 patients who received the combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in Zhejiang cancer hospitals between March 2019 and December 2020 were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and follow-up data were collected, and the preliminary efficacy and safety of the combination therapy were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median follow-up time was 12.4 months (range, 3.7-25.3 months), and the follow-up rate was 100%. The median duration of exposure was 9.5 months. Thirty-seven patients (86.0%) reported treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade. The most frequently reported events were fatigue, decreased appetite, and hypertension. Grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 8 patients (18.6%), and no grade 4 or 5 TRAEs occurred. Twenty-four patients (55.9%) had an overall response to treatment: 6 (14.0%) had a complete response and 18 (41.9%) had a partial response. In addition, 5 (11.6%) patients had stable disease, and the disease control rate 12 was 67.4%. The median time to response was 1.6 months (range, 1.1-2.8 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, and the 1-year PFS rate was 69.1%. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 87.7%. Patients with primary tumors located in the nasopharynx had better OS than those with tumors outside the nasopharynx. ECOG PS were related to PFS; patients with an ECOG PS of 0 had a slight survival advantage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination strategy of anti\u2013PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and anti-VEGF agents was tolerable in patients with recurrent\/metastatic head and neck cancer. This treatment exhibited antitumor potential despite the heavily pretreated population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.781348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T04:42:44Z","timestamp":1645677764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anti\u2013PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Combined With Anti-VEGF Agent Is Safe and Effective in Patients With Recurrent\/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cancer as Second-Line or Beyond Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer Statistics for the Year 2020: An Overview","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.05.036","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (MACH-NC): A Comprehensive Analysis by Tumour Site","volume":"100","author":"Blanchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802656","article-title":"Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Plus Cetuximab in Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"359","author":"Vermorken","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines (NCCN Guidelines\u00ae) in Oncology: Head and Neck Cancers. 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