{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1791498870019,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Non-cardia gastric cancer was significantly associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection. Reducing\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence was an important prevention strategy for non-cardia gastric cancer. However, national-level data on the\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in non-cardia gastric cancer were limited in China. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the pooled prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in non-cardia gastric cancer in China. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals for studies reporting\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in non-cardia gastric cancer in China which were published before September 1, 2021. Pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Egger\u2019s test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. A total number of 55 studies with 5324 cases of non-cardia\u00a0gastric\u00a0cancer were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in non-cardia\u00a0gastric\u00a0cancer in China was 66.5% (95%CI: 62%-71%,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =93.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt;0.0001). In subgroup analysis, a significant difference in the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in non-cardia\u00a0gastric\u00a0cancer was noted when stratified by geographic region of China (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.0112). The highest\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence (78.9%, 95%CI: 69.9%-87.8%) was noted in Northwest China and the lowest (53.1%, 95%CI: 38.9%-67.3%) was in North China. In meta-regression, a significant association between\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence and geographic region was found, while type of sample,\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    testing method, diagnosis period, detection timing, type of study design, quality grade, publication year, and sample size were not associated with the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in non-cardia\u00a0gastric\u00a0cancer (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;gt;0.05). A large proportion of non-cardia\u00a0gastric\u00a0cancers were associated with\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in China, emphasizing the possible benefits of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    eradication for the prevention and control of non-cardia gastric cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.850389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T02:48:35Z","timestamp":1651546115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Globocan 2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321600","article-title":"Global Burden of Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer by Histology and Subsite in 2018","volume":"69","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.s168152","article-title":"Importance of Tumor Location and Histology in Familial Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"10","author":"Kharazmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-004-0268-5","article-title":"Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Environmental Factors in Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer in Japan","volume":"7","author":"Machida-Montani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global Burden of Cancer Attributable to Infections in 2018: A Worldwide Incidence Analysis","volume":"8","author":"de Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014174","article-title":"Clinical Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer","volume":"55","author":"Ang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj393","article-title":"Opposing Risks of Gastric Cardia and Noncardia Gastric Adenocarcinomas Associated With Helicobacter Pylori Seropositivity","volume":"98","author":"Kamangar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750026353","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Risk of Cardia Cancer and non-Cardia Gastric Cancer. A Nested Case-control Study","volume":"34","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2014.47.6.478","article-title":"Prevention Strategies for Gastric Cancer: A Global Perspective","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i12.455","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori in Gastric Carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-016-0682-5","article-title":"Characteristics of Gastric Cancer in Negative Test of Serum Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Antibody and Pepsinogen Test: A Multicenter Study","volume":"20","author":"Kiso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer Off J Int Gastric Cancer Assoc Japanese Gastric Cancer Assoc"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Roles of SNP Rs4072037 in the MUC1 Gene in Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Noncardia Gastric Cancer Risk in Baotou Han Population [Master]","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-7377.2018.11.017","article-title":"Relationship Between Precancerous Lesion and Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shaanxi Med J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.2589","article-title":"The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Development of a Learning Health Care System","volume":"177","author":"Bindman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209815","article-title":"Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"72","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring Inconsistency in Meta-Analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying Heterogeneity in a Meta-Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00008","article-title":"Quantitative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews","volume":"127","author":"Lau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08-010804","article-title":"The National and Subnational Prevalence of Cataract and Cataract Blindness in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Global Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in Meta-Analysis Detected by a Simple, Graphical Test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05955-2","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Positive Non-Cardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma Is Low and Decreasing in a US Population","volume":"65","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179731","article-title":"Physical Activity Domains and Risk of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in the MCC-Spain Case-Control Study","volume":"12","author":"Huerta","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195264","article-title":"Characteristics of non-Cardia Gastric Cancer With a High Serum Anti-Helicobacter Pylori IgG Titer and its Association With Diffuse-Type Histology","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.6.742","article-title":"Importance of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on the Current Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"35","author":"Malaty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020542","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"347","author":"Suerbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v89i8-S.7947","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori, Transmission Routes and Recurrence of Infection: State of the Art","volume":"89","author":"Kayali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta bio-med Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v17.i15.1582","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Factors Relative to Helicobacter pylori Infection in China","volume-title":"World Chin J Dig","author":"Zhang","year":"2009"},{"key":"B28","article-title":"The Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and the Research Progress of Dangerous Lifestyle","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Educ Health Promotion"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02382.x","article-title":"Salty Food Intake and Risk of Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"85","author":"Tsugane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Japanese J Cancer Res Gann"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-20-0525","article-title":"Racial Differences in Helicobacter Pylori CagA Sero-Prevalence in a Consortium of Adult Cohorts in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2007.00478.x","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori Infection-Negative Gastric Cancer in Japanese Hospital Patients: Incidence and Pathological Characteristics","volume":"98","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12471","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori-Negative Gastric Cancer: Characteristics and Endoscopic Findings","volume":"27","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Digestive Endoscopy Off J Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Soc"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00889.x","article-title":"Low Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori-Negative Gastric Cancer Among Japanese","volume":"16","author":"Matsuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12605","article-title":"Characteristics of Gastric Cancer According to Helicobacter Pylori Infection Status","volume":"29","author":"Kwak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-21-0402","article-title":"Identifying the Profile of Helicobacter Pylori-Negative Gastric Cancers: A Case-Only Analysis Within the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project","volume":"31","author":"Morais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res cosponsored by Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00859.x","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori-Negative Gastric Cancer in South Korea: Incidence and Clinicopathologic Characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"2016 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report","author":"He","year":"2017"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12605","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in China","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Modern Digestion Intervention"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3063-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Studies With National Coverage","volume":"59","author":"Peleteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Digestive Dis Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-5709.2009.02.013","article-title":"Epidemiological Investigation and Multivariate Analysis of Helicobacter Pylori in the Middle-Aged and Elderly People of Buyi, Miao and Han Nationalities in Zhenning County, Guizhou Province","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268806006005","article-title":"A Conceptual Model of Water's Role as a Reservoir in Helicobacter Pylori Transmission: A Review of the Evidence","volume":"134","author":"Bellack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol infect"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13654","article-title":"Overview of Epidemiological Characteristics, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer in Asia-Pacific Region","author":"Akbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.09.001","article-title":"Problems and Pitfalls in Subgroup Analysis and Meta-Regression","volume":"158","author":"Spineli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J orthodontics dentofacial orthopedics Off Publ Am Assoc Orthodontists its constituent soc Am Board Orthodontics"},{"key":"B44","article-title":"Biological Characteristics of Helicobacter Pylori and Laboratory Detection of its Infection","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Lab Mgt (Electronic Edition)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10070448","article-title":"The Use of (13)C-Urea Breath Test for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Comparison to Endoscopy and Stool Antigen Test","volume":"10","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-0369.2021.18.047","article-title":"Three Helicobacter Pylori Detection Methods for Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Comparison of Effects","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Chin People's Health"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378.ch23","article-title":"Notes on Subgroup Analyses and Meta-Regression","author":"Borenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4819423","article-title":"Diagnostic Methods of Helicobacter Pylori Infection for Epidemiological Studies: Critical Importance of Indirect Test Validation","volume":"2016","author":"Miftahussurur","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2009.00738.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Japan: 2009 Revised Edition","volume":"15","author":"Asaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology Guideline on the Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"102","author":"Chey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90929-w","article-title":"Diagnostic Value of Decreasing IgG, IgA, and IgM Antibody Titres After Eradication of","volume":"339","author":"Kosunen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Helicobacter pylori Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16002","article-title":"Must-Have Knowledge About the Helicobacter Pylori-Negative Gastric Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut liver"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12030","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of 29 Commercial Helicobacter Pylori Serological Kits","volume":"18","author":"Burucoa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina43010004","article-title":"Evaluation of a Novel 14C-Urea Breath Test \"Heliprobe\" in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"43","author":"Jonaitis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas Lithuania)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9553-2","article-title":"Factors Contributing to the Underestimation of Helicobacter Pylori-Associated Gastric Cancer Risk in a High-Prevalence Population","volume":"21","author":"Peleteiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer causes control CCC"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh039","article-title":"Is","volume":"159","author":"Brenner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B57","article-title":"The Characteristics of Positive Rate of Helicobacter pylori in Patients With Gastric Cancer in the Past 20 Years: A Meta-Analysis [Master]","author":"Qiao","year":"2016"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.09.005","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Screening and Treating Helicobacter Pylori for Gastric Cancer Prevention","volume":"27","author":"Lansdorp-Vogelaar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12563","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screen-and-Treat Strategy in Asymptomatic Chinese for Preventing Helicobacter Pylori-Associated Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015855","article-title":"Impact of Health Insurance Coverage for Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis on the Trends in Eradication Therapy in Japan: Retrospective Observational Study and Simulation Study Based on Real-World Data","volume":"7","author":"Hiroi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12475","article-title":"Fifth Chinese National Consensus Report on the Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Helicobacter"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.850389\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T02:49:30Z","timestamp":1651546170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.850389\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2022.850389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.850389","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"article-number":"850389"}}