{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:16:49Z","timestamp":1791238609087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the outcomes of drug-eluting bead bronchial arterial chemoembolization (DEB-BACE) with and without microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of advanced and standard treatment-refractory\/ineligible non-small cell lung cancer (ASTRI-NSCLC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 77 ASTRI-NSCLC patients who received DEB-BACE combined with MWA (group A; n = 28) or DEB-BACE alone (group B; n = 49) were included. Clinical outcomes were compared between groups A and B. Kaplan\u2013Meier methods were used to compare the median progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to investigate the predictors of OS for ASTRI-NSCLC treated with DEB-BACE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No severe adverse event was found in both groups. Pneumothorax was the predominant MWA-related complication in group A, with an incidence rate of 32.1% (9\/28). Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in DEB-BACE-related complications between groups A and B. The overall disease control rate (DCR) was 61.0% (47\/77), with a significantly higher DCR in group A (85.7% vs. 46.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). The median PFS in groups A and B was 7.0 and 4.0 months, respectively, with a significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037). The median OS in groups A and B was both 8.0 months, with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.318). The 6-month PFS and OS rates in groups A and B were 75.0% and 78.6%, 22.4% and 59.2%, respectively, while the 12-month PFS and OS rates in groups A and B were 17.9% and 28.6%, 14.3% and 22.4%, respectively. Of these, a significantly higher 6-month PFS rate was found in group A (75.0% vs. 22.4%; <jats:italic>P &amp;lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). The cycles of DEB-BACE\/bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy [hazard ratio (HR): 0.363; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.202\u20130.655; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001] and postoperative immunotherapy (HR: 0.219; 95% CI: 0.085\u20130.561; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) were identified as the predictors of OS in ASTRI-NSCLC treated with DEB-BACE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MWA sequentially combined with DEB-BACE was superior to DEB-BACE alone in the local control of ASTRI-NSCLC. Although the combination therapy reveals a trend of prolonging the OS, long-term prognosis warrants an investigation with a longer follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.851830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1647333885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Drug-Eluting Bead Bronchial Arterial Chemoembolization With and Without Microwave Ablation for the Treatment of Advanced and Standard Treatment-Refractory\/Ineligible Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comparative 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