{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T22:04:17Z","timestamp":1775167457990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunoglobulin heavy chain translocations (IGH-t) have occasionally been reported in Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The objective of the present study was to identify the clinicopathologic features of patients with IGH-t CLL and compare them with those of patients with non-IGH-t CLL. We performed fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization (FISH) based on a routine CLL prognostic FISH panel using IGH, IGH-BCL2, <jats:italic>BCL3<\/jats:italic>, IGH-CMYC, and <jats:italic>BCL6<\/jats:italic> FISH probes. Furthermore, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical features of 138 newly diagnosed CLL patients <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> chromosome banding analysis (CBA), FISH, and targeted next-generation sequencing. IGH-t was identified in 25 patients (18.1%). Patients with IGH-t CLL had lower flow scores than those with non-IGH-t CLL. The most frequent translocation was t(14;18) (10 patients), followed by t(14;19) (3 patients), and t(2;14)(p13;q32), t(7;14)(q21.2;q12), t(9;14)(p13;q32) (3 patients). The remaining nine patients included three with abnormal karyotypes without translocation involving 14q32, four with a normal karyotype, and two who failed CBA. The most frequently concomitant FISH-detected aberrations were 13q deletion, followed by +12 and <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic> deletion, while one case involved <jats:italic>ATM<\/jats:italic> deletion. Complex karyotypes were detected in five patients with IGH-t CLL, in whom all partner genes were non-<jats:italic>BCL2<\/jats:italic>. Available mutational information indicated that <jats:italic>KMT2D<\/jats:italic> mutation was the most frequent mutation among tested 70 patients, while <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic> mutation was the most frequent mutation in the IGH-t group. Moreover, the IGH-t group had higher <jats:italic>FBXW7<\/jats:italic> (P=0.014) and <jats:italic>ATM<\/jats:italic> (P=0.004) mutations than the non-IGH-t group, and this difference was statistically significant. Our study demonstrates that IGH-t is not uncommon among Chinese CLL patients, and that its partner genes are multiple. The gene mutational profile of the IGH-t group was distinct from that of the non-IGH-t group, and the concomitant chromosomal abnormalities within the IGH-t CLL group differed. Thus, identification of IGH-t and its partner genes in CLL patients may help further refine risk stratification and strengthen the accurate management in CLL patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.858523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:07:47Z","timestamp":1654168067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["IGH Translocations in Chinese Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Genetic 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