{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T13:13:23Z","timestamp":1772284403514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has significantly improved patient outcomes in a wide variety of cancers and has become a cornerstone in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. However, ICI treatment has the potential to cause a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any tissue or organ. This report describes the diagnostic dilemma of a patient with both RCC and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who developed acute onset of fever and diffuse lymphadenopathy following treatment with combined ipilimumab and nivolumab. While diagnostic considerations included worsening lymphoma, hyperprogression of RCC, sarcoid-like reaction from immunotherapy, and fungal infection, his lymphadenopathy eventually resolved with treatment for histoplasmosis and discontinuation of immunotherapy. Despite only receiving two doses of immunotherapy, he has not required additional systemic therapy for RCC. This case demonstrates both the effectiveness of ICI therapy and the need for multidisciplinary approach to potential irAEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.876797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T05:29:05Z","timestamp":1653024545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report: New Onset Lymphadenopathy After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Presents a Clinicopathological and Radiological Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Scarlotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezra","family":"Baraban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Ged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0012","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines Insights: Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities, Version 1.2020","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy162","article-title":"Management of Toxicities From Immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up","volume":"29","author":"Haanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","article-title":"Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma","volume":"378","author":"Motzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.603443","article-title":"Association Between Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Lossos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19961201)78:11<2421::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"An Association Between Renal Cell Carcinoma and Lymphoid Malignancies. 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