{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:14:41Z","timestamp":1783948481325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020lcxk034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020lcxk034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) expresses on leukemic stem and progenitor populations of non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as T lymphocytes. TIM-3 is thought to be involved in the self-renewal of leukemic stem cells and the immune escape of AML cells, however its correlation with AML prognosis is still controversial and worthy of further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>we simultaneously assessed TIM-3 expression levels of leukemic blasts and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> AML patients using flow cytometry. The correlations of TIM-3 expression between leukemic blasts and T lymphocytes and the correlations of TIM-3 expression with various patient parameters were analyzed. In addition, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of AML patients were acquired and analyzed to verify the results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TIM-3 expression of CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> leukemic blasts (R<jats:sup>2 <\/jats:sup>= 0.95, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> leukemic stem cells (R<jats:sup>2 <\/jats:sup>= 0.75, p&amp;lt;0.0001) were significantly and positively correlated with that of the whole population of leukemic blasts. In addition, TIM-3 expression level of leukemic blasts correlated significantly and positively with that of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (R<jats:sup>2 <\/jats:sup>= 0.44, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001) and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (R<jats:sup>2 <\/jats:sup>= 0.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0181) lymphocytes, and higher TIM-3 expression of leukemic blasts was significantly associated with a greater proportion of peripheral CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes (R<jats:sup>2 <\/jats:sup>= 0.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0092), indicating that TIM-3 on leukemic blasts might alter adaptive immunity of AML patients. Regarding clinical data, the presence of core binding factor (CBF) translocations was significantly correlated with higher TIM-3 expression of leukemic blasts (CBF versus non-CBF, median 22.78% versus 1.28%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.0012), while TIM-3 expression levels of leukemic blasts were not significantly associated with the remission status after induction chemotherapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.9799), overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.4201) or event-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.9873). Similar to our results, TCGA data showed that patients with CBF translocations had significantly higher mRNA expression level of HAVCR2 (the gene encoding TIM-3) (median, 9.81 versus 8.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001), and as all patients in the cohort were divided into two groups based on the median HAVCR2 expression level, 5-year overall survivals were not significantly different (low versus high, 24.95% versus 24.54%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.6660).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TIM-3 expression level on AML blasts correlates with presence of CBF translocations rather than clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.879471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T07:59:13Z","timestamp":1649923153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["TIM-3 Expression Level on AML Blasts Correlates With Presence of Core Binding Factor Translocations Rather Than Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangbiao","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415536a","article-title":"Th1-Specific 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