{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:12:07Z","timestamp":1780351927979,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogen-based cancer therapies have been widely studied. Parasites, such as <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> have elicited great interest in cancer therapy. Considering safety in clinical applications, we tried to develop an exosome-based immunomodulator instead of a live parasite for tumor treatment. The exosomes, called DC-Me49-exo were isolated from culture supernatants of dendritic cells (DCs) infected with the Me49 strain of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and identified. We assessed the antitumoral effect of these exosomes in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Results showed that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited after treatment with DC-Me49-exo. Proportion of polymorphonuclear granulocytic bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Ly6G<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Ly6C<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were decreased in the DC-Me49-exo group compared with the control groups <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The proportion of DCs (CD45<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) increased significantly in the DC-Me49-exo group. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly decreased after treatment with DC-Me49-exo. Furthermore, we found that DC-Me49-exo regulated the lever of MDSC mainly by inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway. These results indicated that exosomes derived from DCs infected with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> could be used as part of a novel cancer therapeutic strategy by reducing the proportion of MDSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.899737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T07:14:02Z","timestamp":1651648442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Exosomes Derived From Dendritic Cells Infected With Toxoplasma gondii Show Antitumoral Activity in a Mouse Model of Colorectal 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