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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The setup accuracy plays an extremely important role in the local control of tumors. The purpose of this study is to verify the feasibility of \"Sphere-Mask\" Optical Positioning System (S-M_OPS) for fast and accurate setup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2016 to 2021, we used S-M_OPS to supervise 15441 fractions in 1981patients (with the cancer in intracalvarium, nasopharynx, esophagus, lung, liver, abdomen or cervix) undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and recorded the data such as registration time and mask deformation. Then, we used S-M_OPS, laser line and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for co-setup in 277 fractions, and recorded laser line-guided setup errors and S-M_OPS-guided setup errors with CBCT-guided setup result as the standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>S-M_OPS supervision results: The average time for laser line-guided setup was 31.75s. 12.8% of the reference points had an average deviation of more than 2 mm and 5.2% of the reference points had an average deviation of more than 3 mm. Co-setup results: The average time for S-M_OPS-guided setup was 7.47s, and average time for CBCT-guided setup was 228.84s (including time for CBCT scan and manual verification). In the LAT (left\/right), VRT (superior\/inferior) and LNG (anterior\/posterior) directions, laser line-guided setup errors (mean\u00b1SD) were -0.21\u00b13.13mm, 1.02\u00b12.76mm and 2.22\u00b14.26mm respectively; the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of laser line-guided setup errors were -6.35 to 5.93mm, -4.39 to 6.43mm and -6.14 to 10.58mm respectively; S-M_OPS-guided setup errors were 0.12\u00b11.91mm, 1.02\u00b11.81mm and -0.10\u00b12.25mm respectively; the 95% CIs of S-M_OPS-guided setup errors were -3.86 to 3.62mm, -2.53 to 4.57mm and -4.51 to 4.31mm respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>S-M_OPS can greatly improve setup accuracy and stability compared with laser line-guided setup. Furthermore, S-M_OPS can provide comparable setup accuracy to CBCT in less setup time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.918296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T06:35:20Z","timestamp":1664865320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Setup error assessment based on \u201cSphere-Mask\u201d Optical Positioning System: Results from a multicenter 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