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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to develop an augmented reality (AR)\u2013assisted radiotherapy positioning system based on HoloLens 2 and to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of this method in the clinical environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The obtained simulated computed tomography (CT) images of an \u201cISO cube\u201d, a cube phantom, and an anthropomorphic phantom were reconstructed into three-dimensional models and imported into the HoloLens 2. On the basis of the Vuforia marker attached to the \u201cISO cube\u201d placed at the isocentric position of the linear accelerator, the correlation between the virtual and real space was established. First, the optimal conditions to minimize the deviation between virtual and real objects were explored under different conditions with a cube phantom. Then, the anthropomorphic phantom\u2013based positioning was tested under the optimal conditions, and the positioning errors were evaluated with cone-beam CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under the normal light intensity, the registration and tracking angles are 0\u00b0, the distance is 40\u00a0cm, and the deviation reached a minimum of 1.4 \u00b1 0.3\u00a0mm. The program would not run without light. The hologram drift caused by the light change, camera occlusion, and head movement were 0.9 \u00b1 0.7\u00a0mm, 1.0 \u00b1 0.6\u00a0mm, and 1.5 \u00b1 0.9\u00a0mm, respectively. The anthropomorphic phantom\u2013based positioning errors were 3.1 \u00b1 1.9\u00a0mm, 2.4\u00a0\u00b1 2.5\u00a0mm, and 4.6 \u00b1 2.8\u00a0mm in the X (lateral), Y (vertical), and Z (longitudinal) axes, respectively, and the angle deviation of Rtn was 0.26 \u00b1 0.14\u00b0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AR-assisted radiotherapy positioning based on HoloLens 2 is a feasible method with certain advantages, such as intuitive visual guidance, radiation-free position verification, and intelligent interaction. Hardware and software upgrades are expected to further improve accuracy and meet clinicalbrendaannmae requirements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.921607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T08:20:46Z","timestamp":1664871646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development and feasibility evaluation of an AR-assisted radiotherapy positioning 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