{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:11:55Z","timestamp":1787314315236,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005299","name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Costa Rica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010268","name":"Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> colonizes the gastric mucosa and induces chronic inflammation. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a mouse model of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-induced gastritis, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors, as well as the histopathological changes in gastric mucosa in response to infection. Five- to six-week-old female C57BL\/6N mice were challenged with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> SS1 strain. Animals were euthanized after 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40- and 50-weeks post infection. mRNA and protein expression of Angpt1, Angpt2, VegfA, Tnf-\u03b1, bacterial colonization, inflammatory response and gastric lesions were evaluated. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A robust bacterial colonization was observed in 30 to 50 weeks-infected mice, which was accompanied by immune cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa. Compared to non-infected animals, <jats:italic>H. pylori-<\/jats:italic>colonized animals showed an upregulation in the expression of <jats:italic>Tnf-A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Angpt2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>VegfA<\/jats:italic> at the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, <jats:italic>Angpt1<\/jats:italic> mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-colonized mice. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data show that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection induces the expression of Angpt2, <jats:italic>Tnf-A<\/jats:italic> and Vegf-A in murine gastric epithelium. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-associated gastritis, however the significance of this should be further addressed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1072802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T10:47:24Z","timestamp":1676458044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric precancerous lesions and persistent expression of Angpt2, Vegf-A and Tnf-A in a mouse 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