{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:14:31Z","timestamp":1793304871943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The assessment of the cancer mutational profile is crucial for patient management, stratification, and therapeutic decisions. At present, in hematological malignancies with a solid mass, such as lymphomas, tumor genomic profiling is generally performed on the tissue biopsy, but the tumor may harbor genetic lesions that are unique to other anatomical compartments. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) on the liquid biopsy is an emerging approach that allows genotyping and monitoring of the disease during therapy and follow-up. This review presents the different methods for ctDNA analysis and describes the application of liquid biopsy in different hematological malignancies. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), ctDNA analysis on the liquid biopsy recapitulates the mutational profile of the tissue biopsy and can identify mutations otherwise absent on the tissue biopsy. In addition, changes in the ctDNA amount after one or two courses of chemotherapy significantly predict patient outcomes. ctDNA analysis has also been tested in myeloid neoplasms with promising results. In addition to mutational analysis, liquid biopsy also carries potential future applications of ctDNA, including the analysis of ctDNA fragmentation and epigenetic patterns. On these grounds, several clinical trials aiming at incorporating ctDNA analysis for treatment tailoring are currently ongoing in hematological malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1164517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T18:59:12Z","timestamp":1682017152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Liquid biopsy in hematological malignancies: current and future applications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Donatella","family":"Talotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Almasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gaidano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Moia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102106","article-title":"Liquid biopsy in lymphoma: molecular methods and clinical applications","volume":"91","author":"Cirillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0703-1","article-title":"Molecular profiling for precision cancer therapies","volume":"12","author":"Malone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133275","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna-based genomic profiling assays in adult solid tumors for precision oncology: recent advancements and future challenges","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-719641","article-title":"Diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma genotyping on the liquid biopsy","volume":"129","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0071-5","article-title":"Current and future perspectives of liquid biopsies in genomics-driven oncology","volume":"20","author":"Heitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17718","article-title":"Multiregional sequencing and circulating tumour dna analysis provide complementary approaches for comprehensive disease profiling of small lymphocytic lymphoma","volume":"195","author":"Moia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.2011","article-title":"Liquid biopsies: genotyping circulating tumor dna","volume":"32","author":"Diaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24457-2","article-title":"Sensitive detection of tumor mutations from blood and its application to immunotherapy prognosis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14051310","article-title":"The minimal residual disease using liquid biopsies in hematological malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Colmenares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00665-9","article-title":"About the possible origin and mechanism of circulating dna apoptosis and active dna release","volume":"313","author":"Stroun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092078","article-title":"Role of circulating tumor dna in hematological malignancy","volume":"13","author":"Ogawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1789","article-title":"Circulating mutant dna to assess tumor dynamics","volume":"14","author":"Diehl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.206177","article-title":"Liquid biopsy in lymphoma","volume":"104","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0896","article-title":"Plasma vs. serum in circulating tumor dna measurement: characterization by dna fragment sizing and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1368.042","article-title":"The importance of careful blood processing in isolation of cell-free dna","volume":"1075","author":"Page","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.03.012","article-title":"Comparative analysis of circulating tumor dna stability in K3edta, streck, and cellsave blood collection tubes","volume":"49","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166354","article-title":"Performance of streck cfdna blood collection tubes for liquid biopsy testing","volume":"11","author":"Medina Diaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.05.022","article-title":"Circulating cell free dna: preanalytical considerations","volume":"424","author":"El Messaoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.8671","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna analysis in patients with cancer: American society of clinical oncology and college of American pathologists joint review","volume":"36","author":"Merker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-635169","article-title":"Noninvasive monitoring of diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma by immunoglobulin high-throughput sequencing","volume":"125","author":"Kurtz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70106-3","article-title":"Circulating tumour dna and ct monitoring in patients with untreated diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma: a correlative biomarker study","volume":"16","author":"Roschewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14448","article-title":"The prognostic value of clonal heterogeneity and quantitative assessment of plasma circulating clonal ig-vdj sequences At diagnosis in patients with follicular lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Sarkozy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13498","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna by high-throughput sequencing of T cell receptor monitored treatment response and predicted treatment failure in T cell lymphomas","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-735639","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing for noninvasive disease detection in hematologic malignancies","volume":"130","author":"Scherer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3519","article-title":"An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor dna with broad patient coverage","volume":"20","author":"Newman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.12.4953","article-title":"Rearranged ig heavy chain dna is detectable in cell-free blood samples of patients with b-cell neoplasia","volume":"90","author":"Frickhofen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0508-7","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements for clonality assessment: a technical feasibility study by euroclonality-ngs","volume":"33","author":"Scheijen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2019.1627877","article-title":"Clonoseq assay for the detection of lymphoid malignancies","volume":"19","author":"Monter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07077-9","article-title":"Analytical evaluation of the clonoseq assay for establishing measurable (Minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Ching","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.00377","article-title":"Monitoring of circulating tumor dna improves early relapse detection after axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion in Large b-cell lymphoma: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial","volume":"39","author":"Frank","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364ra155","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai8545","article-title":"Distinct biological subtypes and patterns of genome evolution in lymphoma revealed by circulating tumor dna","volume":"8","author":"Scherer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-11-812073","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna reveals genetics, clonal evolution, and residual disease in classical Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Spina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115304","article-title":"Polatuzumab vedotin in previously untreated diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma","volume":"386","author":"Tilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulcan.2022.08.011","article-title":"New European approval: polatuzumab vedotin associated to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone in previously untreated diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma","volume":"109","author":"Turot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull Cancer"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-769620","article-title":"Outcomes in refractory diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma: results from the international scholar-1 study","volume":"130","author":"Crump","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11121345","article-title":"Relapsed\/Refractory diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma: a look At the approved and emerging therapies","volume":"11","author":"Sawalha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx097","article-title":"International working group consensus response evaluation criteria in lymphoma (Recil 2017)","volume":"28","author":"Younes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.5246","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna measurements as early outcome predictors in diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Kurtz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01618-w","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna in b-cell lymphoma: technical advances, clinical applications, and perspectives for translational research","volume":"36","author":"Lauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.011","article-title":"Dynamic risk profiling using serial tumor biomarkers for personalized outcome prediction","volume":"178","author":"Kurtz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3520","article-title":"Integrated digital error suppression for improved detection of circulating tumor dna","volume":"34","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0029","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna in lymphoma: principles and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Roschewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-00981-w","article-title":"Enhanced detection of minimal residual disease by targeted sequencing of phased variants in circulating tumor dna","volume":"39","author":"Kurtz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012852","article-title":"Molecular features encoded in the ctdna reveal heterogeneity and predict outcome in high-risk aggressive b-cell lymphoma","volume":"139","author":"Meriranta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1037758","article-title":"Isotype-switched follicular lymphoma displays dissociation between activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and somatic hypermutation","volume":"57","author":"Scherer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.7602","article-title":"Primary cns lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Grommes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S192379","article-title":"Systemic approach to recurrent primary cns lymphoma: perspective on current and emerging treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Holdhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","article-title":"The 5th edition of the world health organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Alaggio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.05.025","article-title":"Complications following stereotactic needle biopsy of intracranial tumors","volume":"84","author":"Malone","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30965","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"123","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2522-9","article-title":"Stereotactic biopsy in elderly patients: risk assessment and impact on treatment decision","volume":"134","author":"Kellermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.05.010","article-title":"Molecular analysis in liquid biopsies for diagnostics of primary central nervous system lymphoma: review of literature and future opportunities","volume":"127","author":"Hiemcke-Jiwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0692-8","article-title":"Tumor cell-free dna detection in csf for primary cns lymphoma diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Rimelen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.241208","article-title":"Cell free circulating tumor dna in cerebrospinal fluid detects and monitors central nervous system involvement of b-cell lymphomas","volume":"106","author":"Bobillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Vdab143","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdab143","article-title":"Use of circulating tumor dna to guide treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00826","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna profiling for detection, risk stratification, and classification of brain lymphomas","volume":"41","author":"Mutter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02605","article-title":"Circulating tumor dna in the blood: a new frontier in primary cns lymphoma","volume":"41","author":"Grommes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1536-2","article-title":"Genomic characterization of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"131","author":"Fukumura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018027672","article-title":"Myd88 L265p mutation and Cdkn2a loss are early mutational events in primary central nervous system diffuse Large b-cell lymphomas","volume":"3","author":"Nayyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092209","article-title":"Pathogenesis of classical and lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Schmitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0541-6","article-title":"Genotyping circulating tumor dna of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Desch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.237719","article-title":"Targeted genotyping of circulating tumor dna for classical Hodgkin lymphoma monitoring: a prospective study","volume":"106","author":"Camus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13349","article-title":"Detection of classical Hodgkin lymphoma specific sequence in peripheral blood using a next-generation sequencing approach","volume":"169","author":"Oki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B64","article-title":"Evaluation of apoptosis in classical hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma comparing different methods","volume":"17","author":"Georgiadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Buon"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(14)00039-8","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of genomic imbalances in Hodgkin\/Reed-sternberg cells in early and advanced stage hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma by sequencing of circulating cell-free dna: a technical proof-Of-Principle study","volume":"2","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.3994","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class ii and programmed death ligand 1 expression predict outcome after programmed death 1 blockade in classic Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Roemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.11.6525","article-title":"Early interim 2-[18f]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose positron emission tomography is prognostically superior to international prognostic score in advanced-stage hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: a report from a joint Italian-Danish study","volume":"25","author":"Gallamini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.06.002","article-title":"The role of Pet\/Ct in the modern treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Zaucha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-795476","article-title":"Prognostic value of baseline metabolic tumor volume in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma in the standard arm of the H10 trial","volume":"131","author":"Cottereau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210224","article-title":"Prognostic value of baseline metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis in patients with lymphoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02734-w","article-title":"Prognostic value of baseline metabolic tumour volume in advanced-stage hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Pinochet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.0861","article-title":"Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for interim response assessment of advanced-stage hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma and diffuse Large b-cell lymphoma: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Terasawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/cdr.2019.88","article-title":"Liquid biopsies in myeloid malignancies","volume":"2","author":"Abdulmawjood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1840","article-title":"Relative increase in leukemia-specific dna in peripheral blood plasma from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia","volume":"103","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.10144","article-title":"Quantitative detection of circulating nucleophosmin mutations dna in the plasma of patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Quan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04828.x","article-title":"Point mutations of the n-ras gene in the blood plasma dna of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukaemia","volume":"86","author":"Vasioukhin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001156","article-title":"Targeted next-generation sequencing of circulating cell-free dna vs bone marrow in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Short","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-880690","article-title":"Prognostic impact of circulating tumor dna status post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aml and mds","volume":"133","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12994","article-title":"Peripheral blood cell-free dna is an alternative tumor dna source reflecting disease status in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"107","author":"Suzuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-740308","article-title":"Molecular disease monitoring using circulating tumor dna in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"129","author":"Yeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006565","article-title":"Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of myelodysplastic syndromes in cell-free dna","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Gisbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17087","article-title":"Circulating cell-free dna improves the molecular characterisation of ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"192","author":"Garcia-Gisbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.12.026","article-title":"Emerging biomarkers in multiple myeloma: a review","volume":"503","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0003","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma: a review","volume":"327","author":"Cowan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26590","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management","volume":"97","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0018-y","article-title":"The multiple myelomas - current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3997","article-title":"Heterogeneity of genomic evolution and mutational profiles in multiple myeloma","volume":"5","author":"Bolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.199","article-title":"Intraclonal heterogeneity is a critical early event in the development of myeloma and precedes the development of clinical symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.160564","article-title":"Monitoring multiple myeloma by quantification of recurrent mutations in serum","volume":"102","author":"Rustad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-430645","article-title":"Darwinian Evolution and tiding clones in multiple myeloma","volume":"120","author":"Bahlis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.366","article-title":"Circulating tumour dna analysis demonstrates spatial mutational heterogeneity that coincides with disease relapse in myeloma","volume":"31","author":"Mithraprabhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2015.01.002","article-title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis with allele-specific oligonucleotide primers for individual igh vdj regions to evaluate tumor burden in myeloma patients","volume":"43","author":"Sata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International myeloma working group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.29","article-title":"Next generation flow for highly sensitive and standardized detection of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma","volume":"31","author":"Flores-Montero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12925","article-title":"Cell-free dna - minimally invasive marker of hematological malignancies","volume":"99","author":"Kubaczkova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.161414","article-title":"Monitoring multiple myeloma by next-generation sequencing of V(D)J rearrangements from circulating myeloma cells and cell-free myeloma dna","volume":"102","author":"Oberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.783703","article-title":"Early dynamics and depth of response in multiple myeloma patients treated with bcma car-T cells","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2018.03.002","article-title":"Circulating tumour dna for detecting minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma","volume":"55","author":"Pugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040978","article-title":"Cell-free dna fragmentomics in liquid biopsy","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn (Basel)"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-16-S13-S1","article-title":"Non-random fragmentation patterns in circulating cell-free dna reflect epigenetic regulation","author":"Ivanov","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01635-z","article-title":"At The dawn: cell-free dna fragmentomics and gene regulation","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500076112","article-title":"Lengthening and shortening of plasma dna in hepatocellular carcinoma patients","volume":"112","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006162","article-title":"Fragment length of circulating tumor dna","volume":"12","author":"Underhill","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Genet"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat4921","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat4921","article-title":"Enhanced detection of circulating tumor dna by fragment size analysis","volume":"10","author":"Mouliere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-021-00534-6","article-title":"Leveraging the fragment length of circulating tumour dna to improve molecular profiling of solid tumour malignancies with next-generation sequencing: a pathway to advanced non-invasive diagnostics in precision oncology","volume":"25","author":"Underhill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31268-6","article-title":"Principles of dna methylation and their implications for biology and medicine","volume":"392","author":"Dor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17316-z","article-title":"Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.09.003","article-title":"Toward the early detection of cancer by decoding the epigenetic and environmental fingerprints of cell-free dna","volume":"36","author":"van der Pol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100259","article-title":"Circulating cell-free dna for cancer early detection","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0261-y","article-title":"Aberrant methylation of cell-free circulating dna in plasma predicts poor outcome in diffuse Large b cell lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Kristensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24751","article-title":"Global hypomethylation is an independent prognostic factor in diffuse Large b cell lymphoma","volume":"92","author":"Wedge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.121","article-title":"5-hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in circulating cell-free dna as diagnostic biomarkers for human cancers","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.106","article-title":"5-hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in cell-free dna provide information about tumor types and stages","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16685-3","article-title":"Cell-free dna 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is an emerging marker of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313995110","article-title":"Noninvasive detection of cancer-associated genome-wide hypomethylation and copy number aberrations by plasma dna bisulfite sequencing","volume":"110","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508736112","article-title":"Plasma dna tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, cancer, and transplantation assessments","volume":"112","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07466-6","article-title":"Comprehensive human cell-type methylation atlas reveals origins of circulating cell-free dna in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Moss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1164517\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T18:59:15Z","timestamp":1682017155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1164517\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2023.1164517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1164517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"article-number":"1164517"}}