{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:54:04Z","timestamp":1780343644842,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37CA229417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37CA229417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to implement a novel, deeply accelerated adaptive radiation therapy (DAART) approach for lung cancer radiotherapy (RT). Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death, and RT is the preferred medically inoperable treatment for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current lengthy workflow, it takes a median of four weeks from diagnosis to RT treatment, which can result in complete restaging and loss of local control with delay. We implemented the DAART approach, featuring a novel deepPERFECT system, to address unwanted delays between diagnosis and treatment initiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a deepPERFECT to adapt the initial diagnostic imaging to the treatment setup to allow initial RT planning and verification. We used data from 15 patients with NSCLC treated with RT to train the model and test its performance. We conducted a virtual clinical trial to evaluate the treatment quality of the proposed DAART for lung cancer radiotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that deepPERFECT predicts planning CT with a mean high-intensity fidelity of 83 and 14 HU for the body and lungs, respectively. The shape of the body and lungs on the synthesized CT was highly conformal, with a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.91, 0.97, and Hausdorff distance (HD) of 7.9\u00a0mm, and 4.9\u00a0mm, respectively, compared with the planning CT scan. The tumor showed less conformality, which warrants acquisition of treatment Day1 CT and online adaptive RT. An initial plan was designed on synthesized CT and then adapted to treatment Day1 CT using the adapt to position (ATP) and adapt to shape (ATS) method. Non-inferior plan quality was achieved by the ATP scenario, while all ATS-adapted plans showed good plan quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DAART reduces the common online ART (ART) treatment course by at least two weeks, resulting in a 50% shorter time to treatment to lower the chance of restaging and loss of local control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1201679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T18:16:42Z","timestamp":1688667402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DAART: a deep learning platform for deeply accelerated adaptive radiation therapy for lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Hooshangnejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Farjam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khinh Ranh","family":"Voong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell K.","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4087","article-title":"Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"371","author":"Hanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.02.022","article-title":"Effects of delayed surgical resection on short-term and long-term outcomes in clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"99","author":"Samson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213209","article-title":"Time to initial cancer treatment in the united states and association with survival over time: an observational study","volume":"14","author":"Khorana","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2020.09.004","article-title":"The effects of time to treatment initiation for patients with non\u2013small-cell lung cancer in the united states","volume":"22","author":"Cushman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.11.029","article-title":"Rapid disease progression with delay in treatment of non\u2013Small-Cell lung cancer","volume":"79","author":"Mohammed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat OncologyBiologyPhysics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90768-D","article-title":"Loss of local control with prolongation in radiotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Fowler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat OncologyBiologyPhysics"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.08.075","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereotactic body radiation therapy versus surgery for patients with non\u2013small cell lung cancer","volume":"157","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31196","article-title":"Surgery versus stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non\u2013small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive review","volume":"124","author":"Tandberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25183","article-title":"The biology and management of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"553","author":"Herbst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01401-2","article-title":"Estimating the need for radiotherapy for lung cancer: an evidence-based, epidemiologic approach","volume":"49","author":"Tyldesley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(92)90323-M","article-title":"The effect of treatment time and treatment interruption on tumour control following radical radiotherapy of laryngeal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Barton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiotherapy Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90132-N","article-title":"Elapsed treatment days\u2013a critical item for radiotherapy quality control review in head and neck trials: RTOG report","volume":"20","author":"Pajak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiat OncologyBiologyPhysics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.03.007","article-title":"Time in radiation oncology-keep it short","volume":"106","author":"B\u00fctof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiotherapy Oncol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.05.001","article-title":"Interval from imaging to treatment delivery in the radiation surgery age: how long is too long","volume":"93","author":"Seymour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat OncologyBiologyPhysics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.04.010","article-title":"Time to treatment as a quality metric in lung cancer: staging studies, time to treatment, and patient survival","volume":"115","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiotherapy Oncol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/34285","article-title":"STAT RAD: a potential real-time radiation therapy workflow","volume-title":"Modern practices in radiation therapy","author":"Wilson","year":"2012"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2015.009605","article-title":"Typical time to treatment of patients with lung cancer in a multisite, US-based study","volume":"12","author":"Vidaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.10.010","article-title":"Diagnostic computed tomography enabled planning for palliative radiation therapy: removing the need for a planning computed tomography scan","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2611484","article-title":"Feasibility of planning-CT-free rapid workflow for stereotactic body radiotherapy: removing the need for planning CT by AI-driven, intelligent prediction of body deformation","volume":"12034","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc.SPIE"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2282","article-title":"Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer","volume":"128","author":"Salomaa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2017.09.006","article-title":"PET\/CT in radiation therapy planning","volume":"48","author":"Specht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.196444","article-title":"The utility of PET\/CT in the planning of external radiation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"59","author":"Calais","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.05.037","article-title":"Hybrid PET-CT simulation for radiation treatment planning in head-and-neck cancers: a brief technical report","volume":"60","author":"Heron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat OncologyBiologyPhysics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.09.017","article-title":"Effects of biodegradable hydrogel spacer injection on contralateral submandibular gland sparing in radiotherapy for head and neck cancers","volume":"126","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiotherapy Oncol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2023.101212","article-title":"PET\/CT imaging in radiation therapy treatment planning: a review of PET imaging tracers and methods to incorporate PET\/CT","volume":"101212","author":"Trotter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2010.05.014","article-title":"The registration of diagnostic versus planning fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission Tomography\/Computed tomography in radiotherapy planning for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Yap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190001","article-title":"Applications and limitations of machine learning in radiation oncology","volume":"92","author":"Jarrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512172","article-title":"The emergence of artificial intelligence within radiation oncology treatment planning","volume":"99","author":"Netherton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncology."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/4\/R151","article-title":"GPU-Based high-performance computing for radiation therapy","volume":"59","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2020.05.007","article-title":"Evaluation of a new GPU-enabled VMAT multi-criteria optimisation plan generation algorithm","volume":"45","author":"Spalding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Dosimetry"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2018.07.002","article-title":"Accuracy and efficiency of graphics processing unit (GPU) based acuros XB dose calculation within the Varian eclipse treatment planning system","volume":"44","author":"Aland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Dosimetry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-3339-9ch7","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in adaptive radiation therapy","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif Intell Radiat Ther"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13479","article-title":"Varian Ethos online adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer: early results of contouring accuracy, treatment plan quality, and treatment time","volume":"23","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.12.004","article-title":"Clinical implementation of artificial intelligence-driven cone-beam computed tomography-guided online adaptive radiotherapy in the pelvic region","volume":"17","author":"Sibolt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9660","article-title":"Initial evaluation of a novel cone-beam CT-based semi-automated online adaptive radiotherapy system for head and neck cancer treatment\u2013a timing and automation quality study","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B37","first-page":"77","article-title":"Making on-line adaptive radiotherapy possible using artificial intelligence and machine learning for efficient daily re-planning","volume":"8","author":"Archambault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Phys Intl J"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15113061","article-title":"deepPERFECT: novel deep learning CT synthesis method for expeditious pancreatic cancer radiotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B39","article-title":"Implementation of precision medicine in spacer-enabled robust pancreatic cancer radiation therapy","volume-title":"2023 Spring Clinical Meeting 2023 Apr 1","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2023"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.07.779","article-title":"A novel use of hydrogel as a dual-buffer in stereotactic body proton therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"108","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100757","article-title":"A beam-specific optimization target volume for stereotactic proton pencil beam scanning therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13774","article-title":"Systematic study of the iodinated rectal hydrogel spacer material discrepancy on accuracy of proton dosimetry","volume":"23","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.759811","article-title":"The feasibility of haar feature-based endoscopic ultrasound probe tracking for implanting hydrogel spacer in radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.833231","article-title":"Finite element-based personalized simulation of duodenal hydrogel spacer: spacer location dependent duodenal sparing and a decision support system for spacer-enabled pancreatic cancer radiation therapy","volume":"12","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15665","article-title":"Demonstrating the benefits of corrective intra-operative feedback in improving the quality of duodenal hydrogel spacer placement","volume":"49","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13266","article-title":"EUS-guided hydrogel microparticle injection in a cadaveric model","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100655","article-title":"Geometric reproducibility of fiducial markers and efficacy of a patient-specific margin design using deep inspiration breath hold for stereotactic body radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"6","author":"Han-Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.006","article-title":"A novel absorbable radiopaque hydrogel spacer to separate the head of the pancreas and duodenum in radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"99","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.01.013","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel absorbable radiopaque hydrogel in patients undergoing image guided radiation therapy for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.07.012","article-title":"Feasibility of using hydrogel spacers for borderline-resectable and locally advanced pancreatic tumors","volume":"157","author":"Kerdsirichairat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.07.184","article-title":"Dose prediction model for duodenum sparing with a biodegradable hydrogel spacer for pancreatic cancer radiation therapy","volume":"102","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.02.024","article-title":"Demonstration of safety and feasibility of hydrogel marking of the pancreas-duodenum interface for image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in a porcine model: implications in IGRT for pancreatic cancer patients","volume":"101","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12100","article-title":"Feasibility study of ultrasound imaging for stereotactic body radiation therapy with active breathing coordinator in pancreatic cancer","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12824","article-title":"Image guidance doses delivered during radiotherapy: quantification, management, and reduction: report of the AAPM therapy physics committee task group 180","volume":"45","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2775667","article-title":"The management of imaging dose during image-guided radiotherapy: report of the AAPM task group 75","volume":"34","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00050","article-title":"Fast parallel image registration on CPU and GPU for diagnostic classification of alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Shamonin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroinform"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2035616","article-title":"Elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration","volume":"29","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"43","article-title":"Regularized nonrigid registration of lung CT images by preserving tissue volume and vesselness measure","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Grand Challenges Med Image Anal"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123504","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4829519","article-title":"Respiratory effort correction strategies to improve the reproducibility of lung expansion measurements","volume":"40","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3685589","article-title":"Reproducibility of registration-based measures of lung tissue expansion","volume":"39","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4736808","article-title":"Comparison of image registration based measures of regional lung ventilation from dynamic spiral CT with xe-CT","volume":"39","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/285136","article-title":"Improving intensity-based lung CT registration accuracy utilizing vascular information","volume":"2012","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2008.03.007","article-title":"Registration-based estimates of local lung tissue expansion compared to xenon CT measures of specific ventilation","volume":"12","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2011.2158349","article-title":"Evaluation of registration methods on thoracic CT: the EMPIRE10 challenge","volume":"30","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3312210","article-title":"4DCT-based measurement of changes in pulmonary function following a course of radiation therapy","volume":"37","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.06.009","article-title":"Three-dimensional characterization of regional lung deformation","volume":"44","author":"Amelon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/1\/013","article-title":"A cubic b-spline-based hybrid registration of lung CT images for a dynamic airway geometric model with large deformation","volume":"56","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.02.018","article-title":"Relationship between prior radiotherapy and checkpoint-inhibitor pneumonitis in patients with advanced non\u2013Small-Cell lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Voong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04268-3_91","article-title":"Evaluation of lobar biomechanics during respiration using image registration","author":"Ding","year":"2009"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762309","DOI":"10.1117\/12.844541","article-title":"Tissue volume and vesselness measure preserving nonrigid registration of lung CT images","volume":"7623","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc.SPIE."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.632","article-title":"Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks","author":"Isola","year":"2017"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.040","article-title":"Diffeomorphic demons: efficient non-parametric image registration","volume":"45","author":"Vercauteren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14990","article-title":"FEMOSSA: patient-specific finite element simulation of the prostate\u2013rectum spacer placement, a predictive model for prostate cancer radiotherapy","volume":"48","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12913\/22998624\/62771","article-title":"Towhidkhah f. a wavelet-based model for foveal detection of spatial contrast with frequency dependent aperture effect","volume":"10","author":"Hooshangnejad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Sci Technol Res J"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021897212261","article-title":"Curvature based image registration","volume":"18","author":"Fischer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Math Imaging Vis"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185006","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab33db","article-title":"2D ultrasound imaging based intra-fraction respiratory motion tracking for abdominal radiation therapy using machine learning","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2612229","article-title":"System integration and in vivo testing of a robot for ultrasound guidance and monitoring during radiotherapy","volume":"64","author":"\u015een","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2016.00049","article-title":"Cooperative control with ultrasound guidance for radiation therapy","volume":"3","author":"\u015een","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Robotics AI"},{"key":"B80","article-title":"System integration and preliminary in-vivo experiments of a robot for ultrasound guidance and monitoring during radiotherapy","author":"\u015een","year":"2015"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3087450","article-title":"Deep learning for ultrasound beamforming in flexible array transducer","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging Published Online"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124700A","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2654435","article-title":"Real-time element position tracking of flexible array transducer for ultrasound beamforming","volume":"12470","author":"China","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc.SPIE"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2019.07.001","article-title":"PET\/CT in radiation oncology","volume":"46","author":"Fonti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2019.04.001","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy: the elekta unity MR-linac concept","volume":"18","author":"Winkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-3363-4","article-title":"Image-guided radiation therapy; physics and technology","author":"Ravindran","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1201679\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T18:16:50Z","timestamp":1688667410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1201679\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2023.1201679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1201679","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"article-number":"1201679"}}