{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:20:07Z","timestamp":1774520407694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meningioma is a common non-glial tumor of the brain. Extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space are especially rare. Herein we report a case of extracranial meningioma in the parapharyngeal space and give a comprehensive description of its complete clinical course and radiological findings, which may provide helpful information in the diagnosis and treatment of extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 61-year-old man presented a slowly increased mass under the left ear without pain and numbness over one year. Ultrasound examination detected a hypoechoic uneven mass behind the left parotid gland with a clear boundary, and color Doppler flow imaging revealed blood flow signals within the mass. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the craniofacial region revealed a homogenous soft tissue mass in the parapharyngeal space without calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that a homogenous soft tissue mass was hyperintense on T2-weighted image, hypointense on T1-weighted image, and obviously enhanced after contrast enhancement in the parapharyngeal space. Coronal MRI showed that the lesion originated from basicranial dura extending into parapharyngeal space through the left foramen ovale at the skull base. Finally, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the final diagnosis of extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extracranial meningiomas of the parapharyngeal space are rare and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Preoperative imaging examinations, especially CT and MRI, can aid in the accurate preoperative diagnosis, especially when intracranial extensions and dural tail signs are observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1236066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T13:51:27Z","timestamp":1690206687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parapharyngeal meningioma extending through foramen ovale: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.81639","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration cytology of jugular foramen meningioma presenting as parapharyngeal mass","volume":"54","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.6.0695","article-title":"Meningiona of the neck. Case report","volume":"32","author":"Hallgrimsson","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.04.012","article-title":"A rare case of extracranial meningioma in parapharyngeal space presented as a neck mass","volume":"11","author":"Albsoul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00593943","article-title":"Parapharyngeal meningioma extending from the intracranial space","volume":"32","author":"Uchibori","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0709(83)80018-0","article-title":"Meningiomas invading the temporal bone with extension to the neck","volume":"4","author":"Nager","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-017-0583-y","article-title":"Uncommon cranial meningioma: key imaging features on conventional and advanced imaging","volume":"27","author":"Zakhari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/kmp.iranjradiol.17351065.3132","article-title":"Imaging features of extra cranial parapharyngeal space meningioma: case report","volume":"8","author":"Taori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Radiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-009-0118-1","article-title":"Primary extracranial meningiomas: an analysis of 146 cases","volume":"3","author":"Rushing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/56368887","article-title":"Extracranial meningioma of the parapharyngeal space: report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"36","author":"Shetty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2500\/105065801781329419","article-title":"Meningiomas of the paranasal sinuses","volume":"15","author":"Swain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1236066\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T13:51:29Z","timestamp":1690206689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1236066\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2023.1236066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1236066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"article-number":"1236066"}}