{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:48:22Z","timestamp":1792622902145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is an alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with obstructive jaundice. However, it is still a challenge for many endoscopists because of its novelty and complexity. This study aimed to establish an ideal bile duct dilatation model for the training and practice of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 34 healthy Bama miniature pigs were divided into the part of developing the standardized EUS-CDS (n=9) and the part of trainees training (n=25). Part one, two different methods were used to clip Vater\u2019s ampulla using metal clips to establish an extrahepatic bile duct dilatation model. Part two, five trainees were trained on EUS-CDS with 25 pigs. Following a 2-week observation period, the feasibility and effectiveness of the technique were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the group with three metal clips perpendicular to the duodenal wall clipping Vater\u2019s ampulla, the success rate of extrahepatic bile duct dilation greater than 1 cm in 24 h was 5\/6, whereas the remaining one pig was 48 h. All five trainees can finally complete the EUS-CDS independently. No death occurred during the 2-week observation period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clipping Vater\u2019s ampulla with three metal clips perpendicular to the duodenal wall is an effective and stable method to create a porcine bile duct dilatation model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1247763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T15:23:17Z","timestamp":1700752997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Standardized construction of a porcine model for acute obstructive jaundice and training of endoscopic ultrasound-guided 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