{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:44:07Z","timestamp":1783003447594,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>For patients with primary refractory AML, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is considered the only curative approach. However, the therapeutic efficacy of salvage transplantation in the non-remission (NR) state remains controversial. We present a patient with primary refractory AML and concomitant central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, who received salvage allo-HCT, localized radiotherapy and venetoclax maintenance. Although he experienced systemic chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), he remained disease-free for 2 years. We propose that salvage transplantation is a feasible for primary refractory AML and discuss strategies to prevent relapse after allo-HCT, including maintenance therapy and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Finally, we highlight the importance of radiotherapy, which can exert immunomodulatory effects to enhance immune responses against leukemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1329858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T13:43:58Z","timestamp":1702647838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term survival in a patient with primary refractory AML after salvage allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation and post-transplant localized irradiation and venetoclax maintenance: a case 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