{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:33:46Z","timestamp":1793414026152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)\u2013induced hyperthyroidism is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome observed in non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors, due to a cross-reaction between the \u03b2-subunit of hCG with the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. The precise prevalence of this paraneoplastic phenomenon is unclear as, in the majority of cases, hyperthyroidism remains subclinical.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we present two cases of advanced metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors where patients exhibited signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis at primary diagnosis due to excessive serum \u03b2-hCG elevation, with complete remission of symptomatology after the start of oncological treatments and no signs of relapse at the time of publication of this report. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature concerning this uncommon occurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite being a rare event, the presence of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis without clear etiology in a young man should lead to consider less frequent causes such as testicular tumors. Even if patients typically have\u00a0mild\u00a0symptoms that resolve after chemotherapy, in rare cases, it can\u00a0be\u00a0a\u00a0life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and specific intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1338438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T04:52:02Z","timestamp":1711515122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hyperthyroidism in non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: two case reports and literature 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