{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:42:58Z","timestamp":1792233778822,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"KWF Kankerbestrijding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explores the feasibility of ex-vivo high-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to create digital a three-dimensional (3D) representations of tongue cancer specimens, referred to as the \u201cMR-based digital specimen\u201d (MR-DS). The aim was to create a method to assist surgeons in identifying and localizing inadequate resection margins during surgery, a critical factor in achieving locoregional control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fresh resection specimens of nine tongue cancer patients were imaged in a 7 Tesla small-bore MR, using a high-resolution multislice and 3D T2-weighted Turbo Spin Echo. Two independent radiologists (R1 and R2) outlined the tumor and mucosa on the MR-images whereafter the outlines were configured to an MR-DS. A color map was projected on the MR-DS, mapping the inadequate margins according to R1 and R2. We compared the hematoxylin-eosin-based digital specimen (HE-DS), which is a histopathological 3D representation derived from HE stained sections, with its corresponding MR-images. In line with conventional histopathological assessment, all digital specimens were divided into five anatomical regions (anterior, posterior, craniomedial, caudolateral and deep central). Over- and underestimation 95<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>-percentile Hausdorff-distances were calculated between the radiologist- and histopathologist-determined tumor outlines. The MR-DS\u2019 diagnostic accuracy for inadequate margin detection (i.e. sensitivity and specificity) was determined in two ways: with conventional histopathology and HE-DS as reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using conventional histopathology as a reference, R1 achieved 77% sensitivity and 50% specificity, while R2 achieved 65% sensitivity and 57% specificity. When referencing to the HE-DS, R1 achieved 94% sensitivity and 61% specificity, while R2 achieved 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Range of over- and underestimation 95HD was 0.9\u00a0mm - 11.8\u00a0mm and 0.0\u00a0mm - 5.3\u00a0mm, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This proof of concept for volumetric assessment of resection margins using MR-DSs, demonstrates promising potential for further development. Overall, sensitivity is higher than specificity for inadequate margin detection, because of the radiologist\u2019s tendency to overestimate tumor size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1342857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T04:56:32Z","timestamp":1711601792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Feasibility of an MR-based digital specimen for tongue cancer resection specimens: a novel approach for margin evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Klijs Jacob","family":"de Koning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Willem","family":"Dankbaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"de 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