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This report details the case of a 66-year-old male patient who presented with myeloid sarcoma (MS), osteolytic lesion and pancytopenia. Effective treatments were delayed due to diagnostic challenges and the rapid progression of the disease. It is essential to consider AML in the differential diagnosis when faced with a patient presenting osteolytic lesions and pancytopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1364266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T04:26:41Z","timestamp":1714537601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteolytic lesions as a presenting sign of acute myeloid leukemia: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shidai","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaohui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Williams hematology: mcGraw-hill education","year":"2016","author":"Kaushansky","key":"B1"},{"volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","year":"2017","author":"Swerdlow","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404491","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Pileri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000727","article-title":"Clinicopathological, cytogenetic, and prognostic analysis of 131 myeloid sarcoma patients","volume":"40","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg pathol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e592","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.79","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma in the United States: analysis using a national data set","volume":"7","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02324.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of granulocytic sarcoma in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Shimizu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V42.5.721.721","article-title":"Chloroma and other myeloblastic tumors","volume":"42","author":"Muss","year":"1973","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0142","article-title":"Autopsy study of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in patients with myelogenous leukemia, Hiroshima-Nagasaki 1949-1969","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0142","article-title":"Osteolytic tumors in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia","volume":"58","author":"Dharmasena","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0142","article-title":"Osteoarticular and pulmonary manifestations of acute leukemia. 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