{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1791389101803,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compared the timing effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) administration on the efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included patients with advanced cervical cancer who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy with ICIs. The patients were divided into early-application (n=51) and late-application groups (n=56) according to the ICI application timing. The primary objective was assessing progression-free survival (PFS) and its associated factors; secondary objectives included assessing objective remission rates (ORR) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before propensity score matching (PSM), the median PFS (mPFS) times were significantly different: 11.5 months (95% CI: 11.0\u201313.2) and 7.5 months (95% CI: 6.5\u20139.0) for the early and late groups, respectively (P&amp;lt;0.001). After PSM, the mPFS times remained significantly different: 11.5 months (95% CI: 11.0\u201313.8) and 6.5 months (95% CI: 6.1\u20139.0), respectively (P&amp;lt;0.001). The PSM tumor-response ORR in the early combination group (74.3%) was significantly greater than the 31.4% in the late combination group (P&amp;lt;0.001). After PSM, multivariate Cox analysis showed tumor diameter (P=0.004), distant organ metastasis (P=0.047), and timing of combination therapy (P&amp;lt;0.001) were independently associated factors affecting PFS. The most common TRAEs in the two groups of patients were neutropenia, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue, with no significant difference in incidence (P&amp;gt;0.050).All adverse reactions were resolved, and no adverse reaction-related deaths occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, earlier immunotherapy improves survival and is equivalent in safety to ICIs late application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1429176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T05:10:15Z","timestamp":1732165815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An early combination of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cervical cancer is superior to a late combination: a propensity-score matching 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