{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:34:39Z","timestamp":1792416879858,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgical resection is gold standard for treatment of liver metastasis, locally ablative techniques including computer tomography (CT)-guided interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (CT-BRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have gained prominence as alternatives, offering comparable outcomes in selected patients. We aim to compare CT-BRT and SBRT - based on dosimetric analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who underwent CT-BRT for oligometastatic, \u22644cm liver metastases between 2018 and 2024 were eligible. SBRT plans for Halcyon (SBRTh) and TrueBeam (SBRTtb) were prepared virtually. In the CT-BRT group CTV was equal to PTV, for SBRTh and SBRTtb planning, a 5\u00a0mm margin was applied to CTV to create PTV. Dose calculation was carried out with the TG-43 algorithm for CT-BRT and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm for SBRTh and SBRTtb group. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the data. The Wilcoxon pairwise order test was utilized to compare dependent groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT-BRT resulted in a more favorable dose distribution within PTVs for Dmean, D50, and D90, while SBRT showed better results for D98 and V27.5Gy. No significant differences were observed for V25Gy between CT-BRT and SBRTtb, but SBRTh favored over CT-BRT. For OARs, CT-BRT plans showed better values for V5, V10, and V11.6Gy in the uninvolved liver volume. There were no significant differences in dose distribution for the duodenum, bowel, and heart. SBRT modalities performed better in the kidney. CT-BRT had improved dose distribution in the esophagus, great vessels, ribs, skin, spinal cord, and stomach compared to SBRT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT-BRT could be a viable alternative to SBRT for certain patients with liver malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1478872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T06:10:35Z","timestamp":1730700635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Radiotherapy as a metastasis directed therapy for liver oligometastases - comparative analysis between CT-guided interstitial HDR brachytherapy and two SBRT modalities performed on double-layer and single layer LINACs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Bilski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Peszy\u0144ska-Piorun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Konat-B\u0105ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Brzozowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Korab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wojtyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Janiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ponikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Sroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Cisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Fijuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Kuncman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.1.8\/ASSET\/JCO.1995.13.1.8.FP.PNG_V03","article-title":"Oligometastases","volume":"13","author":"Hellman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30718-1","article-title":"Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation","volume":"21","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.003","article-title":"Defining oligometastatic disease from a radiation oncology perspective: An ESTRO-ASTRO consensus document","volume":"148","author":"Lievens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiotherapy Oncol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101760","article-title":"Epidemiology of liver metastases","volume":"67","author":"Horn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01779-5","article-title":"Radiotherapeutic treatment options for oligotopic Malignant liver lesions","volume":"16","author":"Wust","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05600-z","article-title":"EANM procedure guideline for the treatment of liver cancer and liver metastases with intra-arterial radioactive compounds Keywords Guidelines \u00b7 Nuclear medicine \u00b7 Liver cancer \u00b7 90 Y-microspheres \u00b7 SIR-spheres\u00ae \u00b7 TheraSphere\u00ae \u00b7 Resin microspheres \u00b7 Glass microspheres \u00b7 166 Ho-microspheres \u00b7 QuiremSpheres\u00ae \u00b7 Dosimetry","volume":"49","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10353-023-00796-W\/FIGURES\/2","article-title":"Surgical management of colorectal liver metastases\u2014a practical clinical approach","volume":"55","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Surg - Acta Chirurgica Austriaca"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw235","article-title":"ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer special articles Annals of Oncology","volume":"27","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BRACHY.2022.04.004","article-title":"The American Brachytherapy Society consensus statement for permanent implant brachytherapy using Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization for liver tumors","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/CANCERS14010072","article-title":"Combining transarterial radioembolization (TARE) and CT-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT): A retrospective analysis of advanced primary and secondary liver tumor treatment","volume":"14","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJROBP.2012.12.021","article-title":"Is stereotactic body radiation therapy an attractive option for unresectable liver metastases? A preliminary report from a phase 2 trial","volume":"86","author":"Scorsetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860600904870","article-title":"Interim analysis of a prospective phase I\/II trial of SBRT for liver metastases","volume":"45","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJROBP.2020.12.012","article-title":"Long-term results of a phase 1 dose-escalation trial and subsequent institutional experience of single-fraction stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for liver metastases","volume":"109","author":"Folkert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CANRAD.2021.01.004","article-title":"Long-term outcome of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for patient with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"Py","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/CURRONCOL30100667","article-title":"Local control following stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver oligometastases: lessons from a quarter century","volume":"30","author":"Mheid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.08.003","article-title":"Comparative analysis between interstitial brachytherapy and stereotactic body irradiation for local ablation in liver Malignancies","volume":"18","author":"Hass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/S13014-021-01812-7","article-title":"Comparison of liver exposure in CT-guided high-dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy versus SBRT in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Walter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2015.04.002","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of brachyablation and stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in the treatment of liver metastasis","volume":"14","author":"Pennington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CTRO.2024.100815","article-title":"HDR brachytherapy versus robotic-based and linac-based stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy in the treatment of liver metastases \u2013 A dosimetric comparison study of three radioablative techniques","volume":"48","author":"Bilski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FONC.2022.800920","article-title":"Narrative review of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in primary or secondary liver tumors","volume":"12","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/S10434-015-4579-Z","article-title":"A phase I dose-escalation trial of single-fraction stereotactic radiation therapy for liver metastases","volume":"23","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJROBP.2021.09.027","article-title":"A story of hypofractionation and the table on the wall","volume":"112","author":"Timmerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3438081","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy: The report of AAPM Task Group 101","volume":"37","author":"Benedict","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8717-22","DOI":"10.3892\/OL.2018.8415","article-title":"Treatment of hepatic metastases with computed tomography-guided interstitial brachytherapy","volume":"15","author":"Kieszko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"Biochemical liver function markers after CT-guided brachytherapy for liver metastases","volume":"11","author":"Cisek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Onkologia i Radioterapia Med project"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"A Resource The Faculty of Clinical Oncology of The Royal College of Radiologists","year":""},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00447-8","article-title":"European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus on re-irradiation: definition, reporting, and clinical decision making","volume":"23","author":"Andratschke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/JCB.2015.54052","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of AcurosTM BV with AAPM TG43 dose calculation formalism in breast interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy with the use of metal catheters","volume":"7","author":"Sinnatamby","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Contemp Brachytherapy"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1170","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of AcurosBV with AAPM TG43 dose calculation formalism in cervical intraductal high-dose-rate brachytherapy using three different applicators","volume":"6","author":"Bi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Precis Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1186\/S12885-021-08488-Y","article-title":"Analysis of using high-precision radiotherapy in the treatment of liver metastases regarding toxicity and survival","volume":"21","author":"Voglhuber","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000885","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligometastatic gynecological cancer","volume":"27","author":"Laliscia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.164","article-title":"Stereotactic single-dose radiation therapy of liver tumors: results of a phase I\/II trial","volume":"19","author":"Herfarth","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.21037\/JGO-20-424","article-title":"Proton stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases\u2014results of 5-year experience for 81 hepatic lesions","volume":"12","author":"Coffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADONC.2015.09.008","article-title":"Local tumor control probability modeling of primary and secondary lung tumors in stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"118","author":"Guckenberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/CANCERS14040933\/S1","article-title":"Escalated maximum dose in the planning target volume improves local control in stereotactic body radiation therapy for T1-2 lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Inagaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/S12885-018-4191-2","article-title":"The SBRT database initiative of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO): patterns of care and outcome analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver oligometastases in 474 patients with 623 metastases","volume":"18","author":"Andratschke","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJROBP.2016.01.065","article-title":"Planning target volume D95 and mean dose should be considered for optimal local control for stereotactic ablative radiation therapy","volume":"95","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/S13014-015-0406-8","article-title":"Radiation-induced rib fracture after stereotactic body radiotherapy with a total dose of 54-56 Gy given in 9-7 fractions for patients with peripheral lung tumor: impact of maximum dose and fraction size","volume":"10","author":"Aoki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"109","article-title":"Characterization of rib fracture development following liver directed stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"8","author":"Hardy-Abeloos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Radiosurg SBRT"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJROBP.2018.11.036","article-title":"Chest wall toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy: A pooled analysis of 57 studies","volume":"103","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100407","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHRO.2022.12.004","article-title":"Selection of motion management in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy and its impact on treatment time","volume":"25","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01453-5","article-title":"Organ motion and its management","volume":"50","author":"Langen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADONC.2021.11.022","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of liver tumor position variability during SBRT using various motion management and IGRT strategies","volume":"166","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADONC.2023.109518","article-title":"Multi-center dosimetric predictions to improve plan quality for brachytherapy for cervical cancer treatment","author":"Reijtenbagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3857\/ROJ.2020.00472","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of fiducial marker placement quality and toxicity in liver CyberKnife stereotactic body radiotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Dutta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1478872\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T06:10:38Z","timestamp":1730700638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1478872\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2024.1478872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1478872","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"article-number":"1478872"}}