{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:48:00Z","timestamp":1769345280130,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and prognosis of urethral diverticulum cancer to enhance understanding of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper reports a case of urethral diverticulum cancer with \u201chematuria and dysuria\u201d as the main clinical manifestations. The case is discussed in conjunction with relevant literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient initially presented to the gynecology department due to postmenopausal bleeding but was not diagnosed with the disease. Subsequently, the patient developed hematuria and dysuria and was referred to the urology department. MRI indicated urethral diverticulum-like changes with suspected tumorous lesions. Cystourethroscopic biopsy confirmed urethral diverticulum cancer. The patient underwent urethrectomy, and postoperative pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated urothelial adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urethral diverticulum cancer is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor of the urethra with a poor prognosis. The onset of urethral diverticulum cancer is concealed, and its clinical manifestations are nonspecific and diverse. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, and imaging studies and cystourethroscopy are the primary preoperative diagnostic methods for urethral diverticulum cancer. Pathology and immunohistochemistry serve as the basis for confirmation of diagnosis. Currently, there is no unified treatment protocol for female urethral diverticulum cancer internationally. For female patients with urethral diverticulum cancer without distant metastasis, surgery remains the primary treatment. For patients with distant metastasis, a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy may be considered.Genetic testing and targeted immunotherapy offer new approaches for future treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1503116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T11:50:23Z","timestamp":1737978623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Female urethral diverticular carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan Hua","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/2011.4.2","article-title":"Signet ring adenocarcinoma of a urethral diverticulum","volume":"4","author":"Grimsby","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1057","article-title":"Incidence of primary urethral carcinoma in the United States","volume":"68","author":"Swartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2018.07.08","article-title":"Urethral diverticulum carcinoma in females \u2013 a case series and review of the English and Japanese literature","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019 Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489e491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.07.018","article-title":"Clear cell carcinoma of female urethral diverticulumd A case report","volume":"112","author":"Weng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01835-6","article-title":"Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of female urinary tract: a case report and literature review","volume":"22","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920801)70:3<665::AID-CNCR2820700321>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Urethral diverticular carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Clayton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/13187.6636","article-title":"Urethral diverticulum masquerading as anterior vaginal wall cyst: A diagnostic dilemma","volume":"10","author":"Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.95528","article-title":"A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from the urethral diverticulum","volume":"9","author":"Nakatsuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cyto J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.12.205","article-title":"Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma surrounds the female urethra: A case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-019-02289-w","article-title":"The epidemiology and role of surgery in the treatment of urethral clear cell carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urol. 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