{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:47:39Z","timestamp":1784058459373,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Haematological malignancies (HMs) are primary cancers of the blood and blood-forming organs. They are heterogeneous and of diverse clinical features, treatment protocols and prognoses. They constitute a significant source of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Northeastern Nigeria, being the region in the country with the worst literacy rate and poverty indices, is also battling with the burden of these diseases with the limited health facilities to adequately diagnose and treat these ailments. There is paucity of a comprehensive data on HMs in the region, so this study aims to report on the multi-centre burden of the common HMs in the region and to discuss their patterns of distribution and management challenges.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a 5-year retrospective study where records of cases of HMs diagnosed in the four health facilities [viz., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH), Bauchi; Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Gombe; Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital (MAUTH), Yola; and Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Azare] were collected from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. Data on the age, gender, diagnosis and subtypes of some malignancies were also obtained and analysed using the SPSS Version 23.0 statistical software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 493 cases of HMs, which constituted 8.2% of all cancers, were diagnosed during the period under review. Paediatric HMs constituted 42.0% (207\/493) of the HMs. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) constituted the majority of the HMs at 115\/490 (23.5%), while multiple myeloma (MM) was the least at 38\/493 (7.7%). An average cost of 5,000 to 10,000 United States dollars is required to manage an HM in Nigeria. Late presentation of patients, non-availability and inadequate number of personnel, inability to pay for investigations and\/or treatments due to financial constraints, and limited facilities for tests such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses were the challenges identified in the institutions in Northeastern Nigeria that manage cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Haematological malignancies are common in our environment, and there are limited facilities and expertise to accurately diagnose and treat them in the region and Nigeria in general.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1404686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T04:14:17Z","timestamp":1743394457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Common haematological malignancies in Northeastern Nigeria: a multi-centre study of their pattern, distribution and treatment challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rufai Abdu","family":"Dachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falmata Grema","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesini","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasim Muhammad","family":"Pindiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uchenna Simon","family":"Ezenkwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maimuna Orahachi","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Yuguda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauda Eneyamire","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume-title":"Essential Haematology","author":"Hoffbrand","year":"2016"},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Disoders of white blood cells. Acute leukaemias","volume-title":"Essentials of Haematology","author":"Kawthalkar","year":"2013"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haemopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2008"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Acute leukaemias in Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria: Pattern of Presentations and Clinical Entities","author":"Dachi","year":"2022"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.v29.1","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of lymphoma in low-income countries","volume":"29","author":"Zucca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematol Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.v29.3","article-title":"A review of the trends of lymphomas in the equatorial belt of Africa","volume":"29","author":"Rogena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hemato Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46912\/jbrcp.168","article-title":"Haematological Malignancies in Nigeria: challenges in diagnosis and management \u2013 A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Ugwu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J BioMed Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6815618","article-title":"Pattern of haematological Malignancies in a tertiary hospital in Yola, Nigeria: A three year retrospective review","volume":"34","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orient J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56167\/jjms.2021.0201.10","article-title":"Pattern of haematological Malignancies in a tertiary health facility in Bauchi state, Northeastern Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Dachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JJ Med Scie"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"5","article-title":"Spectrum of haematologic Malignancies and survival outcomes of adult lymphomas in Maiduguri, north eastern Nigeria- a fourteen year review","volume":"42","author":"Kagu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1105659","article-title":"Universal Access to Malaria Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment as a Strategy toward Disease Control and Elimination: A Critical Look at Northeastern Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Saddiq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Library J"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Changing pattern of Haematological Malignancies in Ilorin, Nigeria: A 10 year retrospective review of 181 cases","volume":"5","author":"Babatunde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Med Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2205-5","article-title":"Distribution and features of haematological Malignancies in Eastern Morocco: A retrospective multicenter study over 5 years","volume":"16","author":"Errahali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio Med Cent Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4103\/NJM.NJM_11_22","article-title":"Blood use in haematological Malignancies in calabar","volume":"31","author":"Akaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nig Jrnl Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.10858","article-title":"Frequency of haematologic Malignancies in the population of Arica, Chile","volume":"18","author":"Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol let"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.19.00025","article-title":"Epidemiology of hematologic Malignancies in real-world settings: findings from hemato-oncology latin America observational registry study","volume":"5","author":"Hungria","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Global Oncol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2024.1747","article-title":"Treatment delays for canacer patients in Sub-Saharan Africa as a microcosm","volume":"18","author":"Mallum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecancer"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-02067-2","article-title":"A critical review and analysis of the context, current burden and application of policy to improve cancer equity in Ghana","volume":"22","author":"Tuck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Equity Heath"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30442\/ahr.1004-10-261","article-title":"An eight year retrospective study of the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of adult blood cancers at a sub-urban teaching hospital in Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Nwagu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Basic"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1404686\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T04:14:35Z","timestamp":1743394475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1404686\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2025.1404686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1404686","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"article-number":"1404686"}}