{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:46:43Z","timestamp":1788518803687,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) makes differential diagnosis even more complicated. The purpose of the study is to explore superiority of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT in distinguishing TB from malignant lesions and accurately detecting inflammatory lymph nodes than [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-FDG PET\/CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein, we described a case report of a patient with both lung cancer and tuberculosis underwent [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-FDG and Al[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) to determine staging. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to discuss the potential clinical applications of FAPI PET\/CT. We reported a 70-year-old man with newly diagnosed lung squamous cell carcinoma underwent [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-FDG and Al[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT to determine staging. The avid uptake of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-FDG in old pulmonary TB and the right hilar inflammatory lymph nodes (&amp;lt;1\u00a0cm) were not found on Al [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT. After 2 months of follow-up, the small lymph node was finally confirmed to be inflammatory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Al[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT may perform better in distinguishing TB from malignancy and may offer greater specificity than [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]-FDG PET\/CT for the diagnosis inflammatory lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1470132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T05:13:15Z","timestamp":1738559595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Al[18F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT and [18F]-FDG PET\/CT in a patient with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature 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