{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:45:41Z","timestamp":1771627541225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer is one of the main causes of death among kidney recipients. The risk of cancer in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is 2\u20133 times higher as compared to the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective assessment of the occurrence of cancer in the population of KTRs \u2013 based on data from two transplant centers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included a total of 246 KTRs, transplanted between 1980 and 2021, who were diagnosed with malignancy (the study did not include patients whose only cancer was non-melanoma skin cancer; NMSC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>261 malignant tumors were diagnosed in 246 KTRs, 3 tumor was a recurrence, and the rest occurred <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>. The most common cancers in women were breast cancers (17.8%), colon cancers (14.5%), lung cancers and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) (8.9% each). In males, the most common cancers were native kidney cancer (16.4%), lung cancer (15.7%) and prostate cancer (14%). During the study period, among KTRs who developed solid organ malignancy, NMSC was diagnosed in 7.3% of recipients. The average time of occurrence of malignant tumors was 84.5 months\/7 years after kidney transplantation (KTx), and most cancers developed in the range of 1\u20135 years (33.6%) and 5\u201310 years (34.42%) after KTx. Nearly half (48.8%) of patients died due to cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similarly to the general population, the most common cancers among KTRs included breast and prostate cancer, as well as colorectal and lung cancer. Attention should be paid to the extremely frequent occurrence of native kidney and lymphatic system cancers in this group of KTRs. The frequent occurrence of cancer in KTRs requires systematic screening in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1497691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T04:10:23Z","timestamp":1752466223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective assessment of the frequency of cancer in the population of kidney transplant recipients - the experience of two transplant centers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Komorowska-Jagielska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"D\u0119bska-\u015alizie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aureliusz","family":"Kolonko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Heleniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Ruszkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Czarnacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Imko-Walczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Biedunkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bu\u0142\u0142o-Piontecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Bzoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Chamienia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Go\u0142\u0119biewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Konopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Lichodziejewska-Niemierko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Tarasewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wi\u0119cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Lizakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.07.039","article-title":"The European cancer burden in 2020: Incidence and mortality estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers","volume":"157","author":"Dyba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Polish national cancer profiles 2023"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Main statistical office in Poland"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Cancer in Poland 2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.10.008","article-title":"Renal cell cancer and chronic kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Saly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.04.096","article-title":"De novo cancer incidence and prognosis after kidney transplantation: A single center analysis","volume":"51","author":"Gioco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.012","article-title":"KIDIGO Controversies Conference on onco-nephrology; kidney disease in hematological Malignancies and the burden of cancer after kidney transplantation","volume":"98","author":"Ma\u0142yszko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0022-6","article-title":"Cancer in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Au","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-023-02892-3","article-title":"Tumors after kidney transplantation: a population study","volume":"21","author":"Letto","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14570920","article-title":"De novo Malignancies after Kidney Transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Al-Adra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2019-0423","article-title":"Post renal-transplant Malignancy surveillance","volume":"20","author":"Manickavasagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78283-5","article-title":"Incidence of Malignancy and related mortality after kidney transplantation: a nationwide, population\u2212based cohort study in Korea","volume":"10","author":"Jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy262","article-title":"An update on cancer after kidney transplantation","volume":"34","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.59","article-title":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): report from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference","volume":"88","author":"Chapman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163530","article-title":"De novo cancer incidence after kidney transplantation in South Korea from 2002 to 2017","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16825","article-title":"The impact of cancer on the risk of death with a functioning graft of Italian kidney transplant recipients","volume":"22","author":"Taborelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":""},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14533","article-title":"Urologic Malignacies in kidney transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Hickman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199007000-00003","article-title":"Acquired cystic kidney disease: occurrence, prevalence, and renal cancers","volume":"69","author":"Matson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31827743b4","article-title":"Time on dialysis and cancer risk after kidney transplantation","volume":"95","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2020.09.014","article-title":"Risk factor, management, and survival of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation","volume":"45","author":"Jue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12601","article-title":"Risk of cancer in retransplants compared to primary kidney transplants in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Kalil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90146-9","article-title":"Renal neoplasm in acquired cystic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Truong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.3.1899744","article-title":"Natural history of acquired renal cystic in dialysis patients: A prospective longitudinal CT study","volume":"156","author":"Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V4121951","article-title":"Renal cancer complicating acquired cystic kidney disease","volume":"4","author":"Marple","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh458","article-title":"Renal cel-carcinoma co-existent with other renal disease: clinoco-pathological features in pre-dialysis patients and those receiving dialysis or renal transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Peces","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003136","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Chadban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehpc.2018.02.005","article-title":"Bilateral acquired cystic kidney associated renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features- A rare entity","volume":"12","author":"Akgul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Pathology: Case Rep"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018090906","article-title":"Overall and site-specific cancer mortality in patients on dialysis and after kidney transplant","volume":"30","author":"Au","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02834.x","article-title":"KIDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients","author":"Kasiske","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplantation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.02.146","article-title":"Solid organ cancer and melanoma in kidney transplant recipients: tumorTx base preliminary results","volume":"50","author":"Lizakowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c570","article-title":"Effects of reduced immunosupression after kidney transplant failure on risk of cancer: population based retrospective cohort study","volume":"340","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B33","article-title":"Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease after kidney transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Skrzypek-Mikulska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urological Rev"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10024","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10024","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of early cancers after kidney transplantation","volume":"35","author":"Krishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.v146.3","article-title":"Survival among solid organ transplant recipients diagnosed with cancer compared with nontransplanted cancer patients \u2013 A nationwide study","volume":"146","author":"Benoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer;"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001659","article-title":"Association between pretransplant cancer and survival in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"101","author":"Dahle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03493.x","article-title":"An update on donor-derived disease transmission in organ transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Ison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplantation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318272df41","article-title":"Cancer transmission from organ donors-unavoidable but low risk","volume":"94","author":"Desai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816c2f55","article-title":"The Spanish National Transplant Organization (ONT) tumor registry","volume":"85","author":"Garrido","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-00573-z","article-title":"How safe are organs from deceased donors with neoplasia? The results of the Italian Transplantation Network","volume":"32","author":"Eccher","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"B41","article-title":"Guide to the quality and safety of ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTATION\nEuropean Committee (Partial Agreement) on Organ Transplantation (CD-P-TO) EDQM 8th Edition\n2022","year":""}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1497691\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T04:10:25Z","timestamp":1752466225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1497691\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2025.1497691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1497691","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"article-number":"1497691"}}