{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:15:30Z","timestamp":1781925330639,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare hematologic malignancy of the thyroid gland, accounting for approximately 5% of all malignant thyroid tumors. The most common pathological type is B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma, mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and mixed types. The clinical and radiographic characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma are non-specific, often leading to misdiagnosis as thyroiditis and a delay in treatment. A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with neck swelling that had persisted for a week. Histopathological findings of a thyroid biopsy revealed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Bone marrow examination revealed atypical lymphocytes on myelograms. [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG PET\/CT images showed increased [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake in both lobes of the thyroid gland and the cervical lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed with stage IV primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The patient subsequently received four cycles of R-CEOP chemotherapy and remained under follow-up. Due to the rarity of this case, we conducted a systematic literature review to better understand the disease and improve timely diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1498609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T05:27:06Z","timestamp":1746682026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical and imaging features of primary thyroid MALT 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