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Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous occurrence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is rare. We report two cases of synchronous double primary HCC and ICC (sdpHCC-ICC), both associated with chronic hepatitis B. Case 1 involves a 63-year-old man whose liver lesions were incidentally found during routine screening. Preoperative imaging revealed lesions in the S4 and S5 liver segments, with postoperative confirmation of sdpHCC-ICC. He received hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with gemcitabine and oral S-1 over 26 months, with no recurrence observed. Case 2 describes a 48-year-old woman presenting with right upper abdominal pain. Preoperative imaging identified a lesion at the S6\/7 and S8 junction, later confirmed as sdpHCC-ICC. Postoperative TACE was performed at 1.5 and 3 months, and lenvatinib was introduced at 3.5 months. She remained recurrence-free at the 21-month follow-up. While the precise pathogenesis of sdpHCC-ICC remains unclear, chronic HBV infection plays a pivotal role. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment, though prognosis is generally poor due to the ICC component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1507454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:23:24Z","timestamp":1750051404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synchronous double primary hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a single patient with chronic hepatitis B: two case reports and literature 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