{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:27:13Z","timestamp":1793500033595,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score on forecasting multiple myeloma (MM) prognosis is previously analyzed, whereas the results remained inconsistent. The present meta-analysis focused on identifying the exact function of CONUT in forecasting MM prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched between inception and 1 February 2025. The effect of CONUT on forecasting MM overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was determined by computing pooled hazard ratios (HRs) together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were nine studies with 1,176 patients being recruited into the present work. As indicated by our pooled data, elevated CONUT was related to the dismal OS (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.37\u20132.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) of patients with MM. Nonetheless, CONUT was not significantly related to PFS (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.81\u20132.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.254) of MM. Furthermore, higher CONUT score showed a significant relationship to bone marrow plasma cells &amp;gt;30% (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.32\u20133.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). On the other hand, CONUT was not markedly correlated with gender (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 0.81\u20138.82, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.105), ISS stage (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.94\u20131.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.119), or ECOG PS (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.84\u20132.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.234) of MM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, according to our results in this meta-analysis, higher CONUT score is markedly related to dismal OS, but not PFS in patients with MM. CONUT score can be used as a candidate marker used to predict MM prognosis in the clinic in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1517223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T07:03:55Z","timestamp":1742281435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prognostic and clinicopathological value of the controlling nutritional status score in patients with multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00135-5","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"397","author":"van de Donk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2022.100929","article-title":"Current state and next-generation CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma","volume":"54","author":"Manier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020407","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: available therapies and causes of drug resistance","volume":"12","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205154","article-title":"Relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma in 2020\/2021 and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Podar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.313","article-title":"Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01162-7","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma","volume":"14","author":"Wallington-Beddoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Mantovani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06879-1","article-title":"Pretreatment elevated prognostic nutritional index predicts a favorable prognosis in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271073","article-title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic factor in patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer","volume":"17","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95061-z","article-title":"Prognostic significance of the albumin-to-globulin ratio for advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Taguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23972","article-title":"Effect of C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio on prognosis in gastric cancer patients","volume":"14","author":"Alkurt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. 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