{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:27:26Z","timestamp":1789644446916,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma that occasionally arises in the lower female genital tract. Accurate diagnosis is clinically important, as these tumors generally display low-grade malignant behavior and may respond to TRK inhibitor therapy. We report a rare case of cervical NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm in a 40-year-old woman who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. An initial biopsy of the cervical mass suggested a diagnosis of sarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histological examination revealed spindle-shaped tumor cells diffusely infiltrating the cervical stroma in a solid growth pattern. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse expression of TRK and CD34. Fluorescence <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization (FISH) detected rearrangement of the <jats:italic>NTRK1<\/jats:italic> gene, and RNA-based next-generation sequencing confirmed a <jats:italic>TPM3::NTRK1<\/jats:italic> fusion gene. To date, only 61 cases of NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm in the female genital tract have been reported. Here, we present a new case with a detailed description of the clinical presentation, histopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics, molecular findings, and clinical outcome. Comparative analysis with previously reported cases suggests a possible correlation between <jats:italic>NTRK<\/jats:italic> fusion type and patient prognosis. Specifically, tumors with <jats:italic>NTRK1<\/jats:italic> fusions tend to present at earlier stages and are associated with more favorable outcomes. These findings highlight the potential value of tailoring clinical management strategies based on fusion type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1525722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T04:13:57Z","timestamp":1756268037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm of the female genital tract: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001055","article-title":"NTRK fusions define a novel uterine sarcoma subtype with features of fibrosarcoma","volume":"42","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0118-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of cancers with NTRK gene fusions","volume":"32","author":"Gatalica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000702","article-title":"S-100 and pan-trk staining to report NTRK fusion-positive uterine sarcoma: proceedings of the ISGyP companion society session at the 2020 USCAP annual meeting","volume":"40","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22910","article-title":"NTRK and other recently described kinase fusion positive uterine sarcomas: A review of a group of rare neoplasms","volume":"60","author":"Croce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000669","article-title":"NTRK-rearranged cervical sarcoma: expanding the clinicopathologic spectrum","volume":"40","author":"Hodgson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000834","article-title":"NTRK-fusion sarcoma of the uterine cervix: report of 2 cases with comparative clinicopathologic features","volume":"41","author":"Nilforoushan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001929","article-title":"NTRK -rearranged uterine sarcomas: clinicopathologic features of 15 cases, literature review, and risk stratification","volume":"46","author":"Costigan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2022.07.031","article-title":"Uterine sarcomas and rare uterine mesenchymal tumors with Malignant potential. 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