{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:57:56Z","timestamp":1764172676920,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy that usually lacks B-cell associated antigens. Here, we identified three cases of PTCL-NOS that uniformly expressed T-cell specific antigens (CD2 and CD3) and the B marker CD20 (CD20+ PTCL-NOS). Molecular studies showed clonal rearrangement of the chain T-cell receptor genes without evidence of a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin gene. All three patients were diagnosed with the advanced stages and had bone marrow (BM) involvement, of which one patient was confirmed by PET-CT and the other two patients were confirmed by BM biopsy. However, we surprisingly found that BM-infiltrated lymphoma cells did not express CD20. Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed that the most common mutations were on the <jats:italic>DDX3X<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TET2<\/jats:italic> genes. Although all the patients had relatively low Ki67 indices, they achieved poor response to the first-line treatment with CHOP-like chemotherapy. Subsequently, one patient was treated at a local hospital with an unspecified regimen, and the other two patients ultimately received rituximab combined chemotherapy as a salvage treatment after receiving multiple second-line therapies. However, the outcomes of these patients remained unsatisfactory. Therefore, it currently appears to be quite challenging to provide appropriate and effective treatment for patients with CD20+ PTCL-NOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1553969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:20:59Z","timestamp":1744176059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CD20-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified: a case series and review of the 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