{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:29Z","timestamp":1787026949014,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Giant cell-rich lesions in the maxillofacial region are relatively rare, and comprehensive clinical differential diagnostic protocols are currently lacking. This article aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of giant cell-rich lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the distinguishing features of four types of giant cell-rich lesions in differential diagnosis and treatment: giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), and giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis reveals strong p63 positivity in the mononuclear stromal cells of GCT, but not in GCRG. The \u201cfluid-fluid level\u201d observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic indicator for ABC, reflecting variable signal intensities. TGCT is characterized by the presence of synovial monocytes, multinucleated giant cells, foam cells, and hemosiderin-laden cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, imaging, and pathological data. While complete resection is crucial for GCT to prevent recurrence and malignant transformation, GCRG typically responds well to curettage due to its benign nature. Early surgical intervention is essential for TGCT to control its aggressive progression and minimize complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1572560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T01:27:19Z","timestamp":1744766839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Case Report: Giant cell lesions in the Maxillofacial region: diagnostic points and treatment strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13107\/jocr.2023.v13.i11.4032","article-title":"Giant cell tumor: a case series of seven patients with gct at atypical sites","volume":"13","author":"Bansal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Case Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.40.2(ICON).8953","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of soft tissue: gct arising from periosteum of tibia","volume":"40","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01047-5","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of bone: an update","volume":"23","author":"Basu Mallick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.06.014","article-title":"Giant cell reparative granuloma of parotid region infiltrating the zygomatic bone: a case report","volume":"56","author":"Alzaidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56875\/2589-0646","article-title":"Updates on the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumor","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hematology\/Oncology Stem Cell Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres","article-title":"Mismatch between preoperative mri findings and postoperative histological results in the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumor","volume":"45","author":"Neugebauer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S0031-3025(25)00010-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2024.10.010","article-title":"Update on the nature of central giant cell granuloma of the jaw with a focus on the aggressive subtype","author":"Chi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.820046","article-title":"Update on tenosynovial giant cell tumor, an inflammatory arthritis with neoplastic features","volume":"13","author":"Robert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60101675","article-title":"Treatment modalities for refractory-recurrent tenosynovial giant cell tumor (tgct): an update","volume":"60","author":"Dania","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78256","article-title":"Successful treatment of a rapidly enlarging mandibular aneurysmal bone cyst with sclerotherapy and intralesional curettage","volume":"17","author":"Sakai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.92791","article-title":"Reparative giant cell granuloma of the maxilla","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surgery"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108980","article-title":"Management of a rare mandibular giant cell tumor of bone by neoadjuvant denosumab therapy and surgery: a 4-year follow-up case report","volume":"112","author":"Klienkoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.03.011","article-title":"Incidence, treatment method and recurrence rate in giant cell granulomas: retrospective study","volume":"52","author":"Ari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.870","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship between the expression of agnor and ki67 with the recurrence rate in central granulomatous giant cell lesions: a case-control","volume":"10","author":"Dareh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X221117727","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X221117727","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Woldow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sage Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001168","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst of the\u00a0mandible: a rare case report and literature review","volume":"85","author":"Yahaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surgery"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-18-486","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of bone: an update, including spectrum of pathological features, pathogenesis, molecular profile and the differential diagnoses","volume":"38","author":"Rekhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2023.02.23","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst: a review","volume":"57","author":"Nasri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.678696","article-title":"Clinicopathology and recurrence analysis of 44 jaw aneurysmal bone cyst cases: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5410229","article-title":"Aggressive multiple central giant cell granulomas of the jaws","volume":"2023","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-022-01724-3","article-title":"A comparative clinicopathological study of giant cell tumour (gct), central giant cell granuloma (cgcg) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (pgcg)","volume":"22","author":"Nagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20200300","article-title":"Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of giant cell tumors in the temporomandibular joint complex","volume":"51","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220071","article-title":"Clinicoradiological spectrum of primary aneurysmal bone cysts of the maxillofacial region: a series of 31 cases","volume":"51","author":"Smit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01118-x","article-title":"A comparative analysis of p63 expression in giant cell tumour (gct), central giant cell granuloma (cgcg) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (pgcg)","volume":"14","author":"Nagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.015","article-title":"A central giant cell granuloma in posterior part of maxilla\u2014a case report","volume":"30","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.01.014","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst of the head & neck: a review of reported cases in the literature","volume":"123","author":"Richardson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stomatology Oral Maxillofac Surgery"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116395","article-title":"Denosumab for central giant cell granuloma in an Australian tertiary paediatric centre","volume":"159","author":"Vanderniet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1572560\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T01:27:21Z","timestamp":1744766841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1572560\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fonc.2025.1572560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1572560","relation":{},"ISSN":["2234-943X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2234-943X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"article-number":"1572560"}}