{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:31:41Z","timestamp":1793028701481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Oncol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Melanoma is the most aggressive skin tumor, and conventional treatment is ineffective. Studies have shown that shikonin, derived from the traditional Chinese medicine\n                    <jats:italic>Lithospermum erythrorhizon<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has various anticancer activities. In this work, RGD- modified liposomes encapsulated with shikonin (RGD-Lip-SHK) were prepared by thin- film dispersion, which could highly recognize the integrin \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    on the surface of melanoma cells. RGD-Lip-SHK appeared as spheroid-like vesicles with a particle size of approximately 120 nm, and its \u03be-potential was negative. RGD-Lip-SHK remained stable in serum within 48 h and possessed sustained-release effect.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , compared with non -targeted liposomes (Lip-SHK), RGD-Lip-SHK was more efficiently taken up, had higher cytotoxicity, was better targeted to inhibit cell growth, migration, and invasion, and boost cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in melanoma cells.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , RGD-Lip-SHK had the strongest targeted anti-melanoma effect by \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -mediated endocytosis with a long circulation time and inhibited tumor growth in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice compared to other groups. Furthermore, the histology of major organs and the body weight of mice showed that RGD-Lip-SHK had less toxicity. In summary, these results indicated that RGD-Lip-SHK has great potential for the targeted treatment of melanoma, and is expected to become a novel and highly effective strategy for tumor-targeted therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1573628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:10:45Z","timestamp":1748304645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preparation of RGD-modified liposomes encapsulated with shikonin and its targeted anti-melanoma effects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinliang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianchun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S190736","article-title":"Liposomes targeted to MHC-restricted antigen improve drug delivery and antimelanoma response","volume":"14","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.680407","article-title":"Immunotherapy in acral and mucosal melanoma: current status and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S147759","article-title":"Co-delivery of Aurora-A inhibitor XY-4 and Bcl-xl siRNA enhances antitumor efficacy for melanoma therapy","volume":"13","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.905755","article-title":"Mohamed ahmed AE. 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